Biomaterial amendments improve nutrient use efficiency and plant growth

Highlights

	● Microbial inoculants boost nutrient availability, crop yield, stress resilience and soil remediation.
	● Nanomaterials enhance soil fertility, nutrient delivery and mitigate abiotic stresses.
	● Biochar acts as an efficient microbial carrier, boosting soil organic carbon.
	● Integrating bio-amendments enhances soil health and crop productivity and environmental sustainability.
	● Challenges persist in scaling up production, ensuring safe use and understanding long-term impacts.

Abstract

The achievement of global food security faces exceptional challenges due to the rapid population growth, land degradation and climate change. Current farming practices, including mineral fertilizers and synthetic pesticides, alone are becoming insufficient to ensure long-term food security and ecosystem sustainability. The lack of robustness and reliability of conventional approaches warrants efforts to develop novel alternative strategies. Bio-based management strategies offer promising alternatives for improving soil health and food productivity. For example, microbial inoculants can enhance nutrient availability, crop production and stress resistance while also remediating contaminated soils. Nanobiotechnology is a promising strategy that has great potential for mitigating biotic and abiotic stresses on plant toward sustainable agriculture. Biochar (including modified biochar) serves as an effective microbial carrier, improving nutrient availability and plant growth. Also, biochar amendments have been demonstrated to have great potential facilitating soil organic carbon sequestration and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and therefore contribute to climate change mitigation efforts. This review examines the integration of microbial inoculants, nano-fertilizers and biochar, which demonstrates as a promising strategy to enhance soil health, crop productivity and environmental sustainability. However, overcoming challenges related to their mass production, application and potential risks remains crucial. Future research should focus on optimizing these bio-amendment strategies, evaluating their economic viability and developing robust regulatory frameworks to ensure safe and effective agricultural implementation.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Biochar / climate change / food security / microbial inoculant / nanomaterial / soil amendment

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the financial supports of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42102340, 42277298), the Pingduoduo-China Agricultural University Research Fund (PC2023B02007), the National Key Research and Development Project of China (2022YFD1500205), and the National High-end Foreign Experts Recruitment Plan (G2022108011L).

Declaration regarding the use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies

During the preparation of this work, the authors utilized the Claude tool to enhance language quality and readability. Subsequent to its use, the authors conducted a thorough review and made necessary edits to the content, thereby accepting full responsibility for the entirety of the publication’s content.

Compliance with ethics guidelines

Ying Liu, Natasha Manzoor, Miao Han, Kun Zhu, and Gang Wang declare that they have no conflicts of interest or financial conflicts to disclose. This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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The Author(s) 2024. Published by Higher Education Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)