Advancement of metal(loid) research on farmland

Highlights

● It is crucial to comprehensively summarize remediation technologies and identify future development directions.

● This review systematically summarizes various soil remediation and improvement technologies, incorporating multiple disciplines including physics, chemistry and biology, as well as their interdisciplinary intersections.

● A solid foundation is given for the healthy development of soil.

Abstract

Metal(loid) pollution has emerged as a pressing environmental issue in agriculture, garnering extensive public attention. Metal(loid)s are potentially toxic substances that infiltrate the soil through diverse pathways, leading to food chain contamination via plant uptake and subsequent animal exposure. This poses a serious threat to environmental quality, food security, and human health. Hence, the remediation of metal(loid)-contaminated agricultural soil is an urgent concern demanding immediate attention. Presently, the majority of research papers concentrate on established, isolated remediation technologies, often overlooking comprehensive field management approaches. It is imperative to provide a comprehensive summary of remediation technologies and identify future development directions. This review aims to comprehensively summarize a range of soil remediation and enhancement technologies, incorporating insights from multiple disciplines including physics, chemistry, biology, and their interdisciplinary intersections. The review examines the mechanisms of action, suitable scenarios, advantages, disadvantages, and benefits associated with each remediation technology. Particularly relevant is the examination of metal(loid) sources, as well as the mechanisms behind both established and innovative, efficient remediation and enhancement technologies. Additionally, the future evolution of remediation technologies are considered with the aim of offering a scientific research foundation and inspiration to fellow researchers. This is intended to facilitate the advancement of remediation technologies and establish a robust foundation for sustainable development of soil.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Metal(loid) pollution / metal(loid) remediation / metal(loid) sources / soil

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Acknowledgements

This work was funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFD1900601-07 and 2019YFC0408703), Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps South Xinjiang Key Industry Innovation and Development Support Plan Project (2021DB017), Science and Technology Plan Project of Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology (202202AE090034-07).

Compliance with ethics guidelines

Qiang Zheng, Chenchen Wei, Yanbing Chi, and Peiling Yang declare that they have no conflicts of interest or financial conflicts to disclose. This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

The Author(s) 2024. Published by Higher Education Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)