ANTIVIRAL EFFECTS OF BACTERIOCIN AGAINST ANIMAL-TO-HUMAN TRANSMITTABLE MUTATED SARS-COV-2: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Highlights

• Identification of bacteriocin sources

• Classification of bacteriocins

• Antiviral pathways of bacteriocins

Abstract

The COVID-19 infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 have resulted in millions of people being infected and thousands of deaths globally since November 2019. To date, no unique therapeutic agent has been developed to slow the progression of this pandemic. Despite possessing antiviral traits the potential of bacteriocins to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been fully investigated. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which bacteriocins can be manipulated and implemented as effective virus entry blockers with infection suppression potential properties to highly transmissible viruses through comprehensive immune modulations that are potentially effective against COVID-19. These antimicrobial peptides have been suggested as effective antiviral therapeutics and therapeutic supplements to prevent rapid virus transmission. This review also provides a new insight into the cellular and molecular alterations which have made SARS-CoV-2 self-modified with diversified infection patterns. In addition, the possible applications of antimicrobial peptides through both natural and induced mechanisms in infection prevention perspectives on changeable virulence cases are comprehensively analyzed. Specific attention is given to the antiviral mechanisms of the molecules along with their integrative use with synthetic biology and nanosensor technology for rapid detection. Novel bacteriocin based therapeutics with cutting-edge technologies might be potential substitutes for existing time-consuming and expensive approaches to fight this newly emerged global threat.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

antimicrobial proteins / antiviral profiling of bacteriocins / antiviral therapeutics / immunomodulation / nanosensor technology / mutated SARS-CoV-2

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Acknowledgements

We thank the authority of Research Publication Guardians (RPG, Government License No. 05-060-06021) for providing logistic support and suggestions which were important to the successful completion of this review. Mohammad Faysal Al Mazid, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (South Korea), helped in similarity checking and manuscript formatting.

Compliance with ethics guidelines

Dipta Dey, Tanzila Ismail Ema, Partha Biswas, Sharmin Aktar, Shoeba Islam, Urmi Rahman Rinik, Mahmudul Firoz, Shahlaa Zernaz Ahmed, Salauddin Al Azad, Ahsab Rahman, Sadia Afrin, Rezwan Ahmed Mahedi, and Nasir Uddin Badal declare that they have no conflicts of interest or financial conflicts to disclose. This article is a review and does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

The Author(s) 2021. Published by Higher Education Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)