Arbuscular mycorrhizal associations and the major regulators

Abstract

Plants growing in natural soils encounter diverse biotic and abiotic stresses and have adapted with sophisticated strategies to deal with complex environments such as changing root system structure, evoking biochemical responses and recruiting microbial partners. Under selection pressure, plants and their associated microorganisms assemble into a functional entity known as a holobiont. The commonest cooperative interaction is between plant roots and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. About 80% of terrestrial plants can form AM symbiosis with the ancient phylum Glomeromycota. A very large network of extraradical and intraradical mycelium of AM fungi connects the underground biota and the nearby carbon and nutrient fluxes. Here, we discuss recent progress on the regulators of AM associations with plants, AM fungi and their surrounding environments, and explore further mechanistic insights.

Keywords

AM symbiosis / signal / regulators / nutrients / phosphate / microbiota

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Acknowledgements

We thank Ke Yu (Henan University, China) and Qiujin Xie (CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, China) for comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31730103, 31825003 and 31970268). We apologize that it was not possible to cite all the work of our colleagues.

Compliance with ethics guidelines

Xue Li and Ertao Wang declare that they have no conflicts of interest or financial conflicts to disclose.

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

The Author(s) 2020. Published by Higher Education Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)