Using a systems modeling approach to improve soil management and soil quality

Abstract

Soils provide the structural support, water and nutrients for plants in nature and are considered to be the foundation of agriculture production. Improving soil quality and soil health has been advocated as the goal of soil management toward sustainable agricultural intensification. There have been renewed efforts to define and quantify soil quality and soil health but establishing a consensus on the key indicators remains difficult. It is argued that such difficulties are due to the former ways of thinking in soil management which largely focus on soil properties alone. A systems approach that treats soils as a key component of agricultural production systems is promoted. It is argued that soil quality must be quantified in terms of crop productivity and impacts on ecosystems services that are also strongly driven by climate and management interventions. A systems modeling approach captures the interactions among climate, soil, crops and management, and their impacts on system performance, thus helping to quantify the value and quality of soils. Here, three examples are presented to demonstrate this. In this systems context, soil management must be an integral part of systems management practices that also include managing the crops and cropping systems under specific climatic conditions, with cognizance of future climate change.

Keywords

APSIM / available water capacity / nitrogen management / soil functional properties / soil health / soil-plant modeling

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge funding from the Australia-China Joint Research Centre: Healthy Soils for Sustainable Food Production and Environmental Quality (ACSRF48165) and the CSIRO and the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences through the research project “Scientific Benchmarks for Sustainable Agricultural Intensification”.

Compliance with ethics guidelines

Enli Wang, Di He, Zhigan Zhao, Chris J. Smith, and Ben C. T. Macdonald declare that they have no conflicts of interest or financial conflicts to disclose.

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

The Author(s) 2020. Published by Higher Education Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)