Innovations of phosphorus sustainability: implications for the whole chain

Abstract

Phosphorus (P) is a non-renewable resource, therefore ensuring global food and environmental security depends upon sustainable P management. To achieve this goal, sustainable P management in the upstream and downstream sectors of agriculture from mineral extraction to food consumption must be addressed systematically. The innovation and feasibility of P sustainability are highlighted from the perspective of the whole P-based chain, including the mining and processing of P rock, production of P fertilizers, soil and rhizosphere processes involving P, absorption and utilization of P by plants, P in livestock production, as well as flow and management of P at the catchment scale. The paper also emphasizes the importance of recycling P and the current challenges of P recovery. Finally, sustainable solutions of holistic P management are proposed from the perspective of technology improvement with policy support.

Keywords

P-use efficiency / recycling / sustainable management / the whole P chain

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Acknowledgements

We thank Prof. Caixian Tang (La Trobe University, Australia) for his helpful comments and revisions. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31772402, 30925024), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFE0101100, 2017YFD0200200), and the National Basic Research Program (973-2015CB150405).

Compliance with ethics guidelines

Jianbo Shen, Liyang Wang, Xiaoqiang Jiao, Fanlei Meng, Lin Zhang, Gu Feng, Junling Zhang, Lixing Yuan, Lin Ma, Yong Hou, Tao Zhang, Weifeng Zhang, Guohua Li, Kai Zhang, and Fusuo Zhang declare that they have no conflicts of interest or financial conflicts to disclose.

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

The Author(s) 2019. Published by Higher Education Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)