Modeling water and heat transfer in soil-plant-atmosphere continuum applied to maize growth under plastic film mulching

Abstract

Based on our previous work modeling crop growth (CropSPAC) and water and heat transfer in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC), the model was improved by considering the effect of plastic film mulching applied to field-grown maize in North-west China. In CropSPAC, a single layer canopy model and a multi-layer soil model were adopted to simulate the energy partition between the canopy and water and heat transfer in the soil, respectively. The maize growth module included photosynthesis, growth stage calculation, biomass accumulation, and participation. The CropSPAC model coupled the maize growth module and SPAC water and heat transfer module through leaf area index (LAI), plant height and soil moisture condition in the root zone. The LAI and plant height were calculated from the maize growth module and used as input for the SPAC water and heat transfer module, and the SPAC module output for soil water stress conditions used as an input for maize growth module. We used r_s, the representation of evaporation resistance, instead of the commonly used evaporation resistance r_s0 to reflect the change of latent heat flux of soil evaporation under film mulching as well as the induced change in energy partition. The model was tested in a maize field at Yingke irrigation area in North-west China. Results showed reasonable agreement between the simulations and measurements of LAI, above-ground biomass and soil water content. Compared with the original model, the modified model was more reliable for maize growth simulation under film mulching and showed better accuracy for the LAI (with the coefficient of determination R² = 0.92, the root mean square of error RMSE= 1.23, and the Nush-Suttclife efficiency E_ns = 0.87), the above-ground biomass (with R² = 0.96, RMSE= 7.17 t·ha⁻¹ and E_ns = 0.95) and the soil water content in 0–1 m soil layer (with R² = 0.78, RMSE= 49.44 mm and E_ns = 0.26). Scenarios were considered to simulate the influence of future climate change and film mulching on crop growth, soil water and heat conditions, and crop yield. The simulations indicated that the change of LAI, leaf biomass and yield are negatively correlated with temperature change, but the growing degree-days, evaporation, soil water content and soil temperature are positively correlated with temperature change. With an increase in the ratio of film mulching area, the evaporation will decrease, while the impact of film mulching on crop transpiration is not significant. In general, film mulching is effective in saving water, preserving soil moisture, increasing soil surface temperature, shortening the potential growth period, and increasing the potential yield of maize.

Keywords

film mulching / growth stage / leaf area index / maize growth / water and heat transfer

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51679234 and 51790535) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC040106-3).

Compliance with ethics guidelines

Meng Duan, Jin Xie, and Xiaomin Mao declare they have no conflicts of interest or financial conflicts to disclose.

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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The Author(s) 2019. Published by Higher Education Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)