Extraction and biodegradation of ginkgolic acids from Ginkgo biloba sarcotestae

Abstract

Ginkgolic acids are unwanted constituents in standard Ginkgo biloba leaves extracts. Thus, for the quality control of ginkgo extracts, it is important to establish an effective degradation method, with high catalytic efficiency and safety, to remove ginkgolic acids. Laccases are oxidases with potential for application in elimination of hazardous phenolic compounds. In this study, single-factor and orthogonal experiments were used to optimize extraction of ginkgolic acid from G. biloba sarcotestae. The results showed that ethanol was the best solvent, with the highest extraction rate for ginkgolic acid at 85% ethanol. On this basis, we measured ethanol volume fraction, extraction time, temperature and solid-liquid ratio using an orthogonal experiment. By using absorbance of 310 nm as standard, the optimal extraction conditions were 85% ethanol with, solid-liquid ratio of 1:14 at 40°C for 12 h. These conditions gave a ginkgolic acid yield of 73.1 mg·g⁻¹. Subsequently, recombinant laccase was used to degrade the ginkgolic acid in several laccase/mediator systems, of which LacC was the best. At 50°C, pH 4.5, enzyme concentration of 0.01 U·mL⁻¹, 0.5 mmol·L⁻¹ mediator ABTS and reaction time of 3 h, the degradation rate of ginkgolic acid reached 100%. These results lay the foundation for research on and application of biological enzymes for detoxification of G. biloba extracts.

Keywords

biodegradation / extraction / ginkgolic acid / laccase / orthogonal method

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Forestry Achievements of Science and Technology to Promote Projects ([2017] 10), the Eleventh Six Talents Peak Project of Jiangsu Province (2014-JY-011), and a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.

Compliance with ethics guidelines

Qi Li, Wei Sun, Yan Jiang, Fuliang Cao, Guibin Wang, and Linguo Zhao declare they have no conflicts of interest or financial conflicts to disclose.

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

The Author(s) 2017. Published by Higher Education Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)