Genome-wide search for candidate genes determining vertebrae number in pigs

Longchao ZHANG, Jingwei YUE, Xin LIU, Jing LIANG, Kebin ZHAO, Hua YAN, Na LI, Lei PU, Yuebo ZHANG, Huibi SHI, Ligang WANG, Lixian WANG

PDF(651 KB)
PDF(651 KB)
Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. ›› 2017, Vol. 4 ›› Issue (3) : 327-334. DOI: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017163
RESEARCH ARTICLE
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Genome-wide search for candidate genes determining vertebrae number in pigs

Author information +
History +

Abstract

Longer porcine carcasses may be expected to have more vertebrae. Therefore, vertebrae number in pigs is an economically important trait. To examine the genetic basis of this trait, we genotyped 578 F2 Large White × Minzhu pigs using the Porcine SNP60K BeadChip. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified 36 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the chromosomes SSC1 (294.28–300.32 Mb) and SSC7 (102.22–109.39 Mb). A 6.04-Mb region that contained all 13 significant SNPs on SSC1 also contained the gene NR6A1, previously reported to influence the number of vertebrae in pigs. However, the reported putative casual mutation of NR6A1 c.748C>T showed no genome-wide significant association with the trait, suggesting it was not a causal mutation in our population. The remaining 23 significant SNPs on SSC7 were concentrated in a 7.17-Mb region, which was within a quantitative trait locus interval for number of vertebrae. TMED10 was the closest gene to the most significant SNP and might be a candidate. Haplotype sharing and block analysis refined the QTL to an interval of about 3 Mb containing 29 candidate genes. Of these 29 genes, the previously reported possible casual mutation of VRTN g.19034A>C was not found to be a causal mutation in our population. Exploration of these genes via additional genetic and functional studies in mammals revealed that TGFβ3 could be a good candidate on SSC7. A mutation of TGFβ3 c.1749G>A was detected by GWAS and could be proposed as a candidate causal mutation, or as closely linked to a causal mutation, for the number of vertebrae in pigs.

Keywords

genome-wide association study / number of vertebrae / pig / SSC7 / TGFβ3

Cite this article

Download citation ▾
Longchao ZHANG, Jingwei YUE, Xin LIU, Jing LIANG, Kebin ZHAO, Hua YAN, Na LI, Lei PU, Yuebo ZHANG, Huibi SHI, Ligang WANG, Lixian WANG. Genome-wide search for candidate genes determining vertebrae number in pigs. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng., 2017, 4(3): 327‒334 https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2017163

References

[1]
King J, Roberts R. Carcass length in the bacon pig; its association with vertebrae numbers and prediction from radiographs of the young pig. Animal Science, 1960, 2(1): 59–65
[2]
Wada Y, Akita T, Awata T, Furukawa T, Sugai N, Inage Y, Ishii K, Ito Y, Kobayashi E, Kusumoto H, Matsumoto T, Mikawa S, Miyake M, Murase A, Shimanuki S, Sugiyama T, Uchida Y, Yanai S, Yasue H. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis in a Meishan × Göttingen cross population. Animal Genetics, 2000, 31(6): 376–384
CrossRef Pubmed Google scholar
[3]
Mikawa S, Hayashi T, Nii M, Shimanuki S, Morozumi T, Awata T. Two quantitative trait loci on Sus scrofa chromosomes 1 and 7 affecting the number of vertebrae. Journal of Animal Science, 2005, 83(10): 2247–2254
CrossRef Pubmed Google scholar
[4]
Mikawa S, Morozumi T, Shimanuki S, Hayashi T, Uenishi H, Domukai M, Okumura N, Awata T. Fine mapping of a swine quantitative trait locus for number of vertebrae and analysis of an orphan nuclear receptor, germ cell nuclear factor (NR6A1). Genome Research, 2007, 17(5): 586–593
CrossRef Pubmed Google scholar
[5]
Mikawa S, Sato S, Nii M, Morozumi T, Yoshioka G, Imaeda N, Yamaguchi T, Hayashi T, Awata T. Identification of a second gene associated with variation in vertebral number in domestic pigs. BMC Genetics, 2011, 12(1): 5
CrossRef Pubmed Google scholar
[6]
Miller S A, Dykes D D, Polesky H F. A simple salting out procedure for extracting DNA from human nucleated cells. Nucleic Acids Research, 1988, 16(3): 1215
CrossRef Pubmed Google scholar
[7]
Zhang L C, Li N, Liu X, Liang J, Yan H, Zhao K B, Pu L, Shi H B, Zhang Y B, Wang L G, Wang L X. A genome-wide association study of limb bone length using a Large White × Minzhu intercross population. Genetics, Selection, Evolution, 2014, 46(1): 56
CrossRef Pubmed Google scholar
[8]
Aulchenko Y S, de Koning D J, Haley C. Genomewide rapid association using mixed model and regression: a fast and simple method for genomewide pedigree-based quantitative trait loci association analysis. Genetics, 2007, 177(1): 577–585
CrossRef Pubmed Google scholar
[9]
Amin N, van Duijn C M, Aulchenko Y S. A genomic background based method for association analysis in related individuals. PLoS One, 2007, 2(12): e1274
CrossRef Pubmed Google scholar
[10]
Hao K, Li C, Rosenow C, Wong W H. Detect and adjust for population stratification in population-based association study using genomic control markers: an application of Affymetrix Genechip Human Mapping 10K array. European Journal of Human Genetics, 2004, 12(12): 1001–1006
CrossRef Pubmed Google scholar
[11]
Gao X, Starmer J, Martin E R. A multiple testing correction method for genetic association studies using correlated single nucleotide polymorphisms. Genetic Epidemiology, 2008, 32(4): 361–369
CrossRef Pubmed Google scholar
[12]
Yang Q, Cui J, Chazaro I, Cupples L A, Demissie S. Power and type I error rate of false discovery rate approaches in genome-wide association studies. BMC Genetics, 2005, 6(Suppl 1): S134
CrossRef Pubmed Google scholar
[13]
Nezer C, Collette C, Moreau L, Brouwers B, Kim J J, Giuffra E, Buys N, Andersson L, Georges M. Haplotype sharing refines the location of an imprinted quantitative trait locus with major effect on muscle mass to a 250-kb chromosome segment containing the porcine IGF2 gene. Genetics, 2003, 165(1): 277–285
Pubmed
[14]
Barrett J C, Fry B, Maller J, Daly M J. Haploview: analysis and visualization of LD and haplotype maps. Bioinformatics, 2005, 21(2): 263–265
CrossRef Pubmed Google scholar
[15]
Fan Y, Xing Y, Zhang Z, Ai H, Ouyang Z, Ouyang J, Yang M, Li P, Chen Y, Gao J, Li L, Huang L, Ren J. A further look at porcine chromosome 7 reveals VRTN variants associated with vertebral number in Chinese and Western pigs. PLoS One, 2013, 8(4): e62534
CrossRef Pubmed Google scholar
[16]
Sato S, Oyamada Y, Atsuji K, Nade T, Sato S, Kobayashi E, Mitsuhashi T, Nirasawa K, Komatsuda A, Saito Y, Terai S, Hayashi T, Sugimoto Y. Quantitative trait loci analysis for growth and carcass traits in a Meishan x Duroc F2 resource population. Journal of Animal Science, 2003, 81(12): 2938–2949
CrossRef Pubmed Google scholar
[17]
Ren D R, Ren J, Ruan G F, Guo Y M, Wu L H, Yang G C, Zhou L H, Li L, Zhang Z Y, Huang L S. Mapping and fine mapping of quantitative trait loci for the number of vertebrae in a White Duroc × Chinese Erhualian intercross resource population. Animal Genetics, 2012, 43(5): 545–551
CrossRef Pubmed Google scholar
[18]
Rubin C J, Megens H J, Barrio A M, Maqbool K, Sayyab S, Schwochow D, Wang C, Carlborg O, Jern P, Jorgensen C B, Archibald A L, Fredholm M, Groenen M A M, Andersson L. Strong signatures of selection in the domestic pig genome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012, 109(48): 19529–19536
CrossRef Pubmed Google scholar
[19]
Burgos C, Latorre P, Altarriba J, Carrodeguas J A, Varona L, López-Buesa P. Allelic frequencies of NR6A1 and VRTN, two genes that affect vertebrae number in diverse pig breeds: a study of the effects of the VRTN insertion on phenotypic traits of a Duroc × Landrace-Large White cross. Meat Science, 2015, 100: 150–155
CrossRef Pubmed Google scholar
[20]
Fontanesi L, Ribani A, Scotti E, Utzeri V J, Veličković N, Dall’Olio S. Differentiation of meat from European wild boars and domestic pigs using polymorphisms in the MC1R and NR6A1 genes. Meat Science, 2014, 98(4): 781–784
CrossRef Pubmed Google scholar
[21]
Yang G, Ren J, Zhang Z, Huang L. Genetic evidence for the introgression of Western NR6A1 haplotype into Chinese Licha breed associated with increased vertebral number. Animal Genetics, 2009, 40(2): 247–250
CrossRef Pubmed Google scholar
[22]
Edwards D B, Ernst C W, Raney N E, Doumit M E, Hoge M D, Bates R O. Quantitative trait locus mapping in an F2 Duroc × Pietrain resource population: II. Carcass and meat quality traits. Journal of Animal Science, 2008, 86(2): 254–266
CrossRef Pubmed Google scholar
[23]
Rojo M, Pepperkok R, Emery G, Kellner R, Stang E, Parton R G, Gruenberg J. Involvement of the transmembrane protein p23 in biosynthetic protein transport. Journal of Cell Biology, 1997, 139(5): 1119–1135
CrossRef Pubmed Google scholar
[24]
Rojo M, Emery G, Marjomäki V, McDowall A W, Parton R G, Gruenberg J. The transmembrane protein p23 contributes to the organization of the Golgi apparatus. Journal of Cell Science, 2000, 113(6): 1043–1057
Pubmed
[25]
Bonnon C, Wendeler M W, Paccaud J P, Hauri H P. Selective export of human GPI-anchored proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. Journal of Cell Science, 2010, 123(10): 1705–1715
CrossRef Pubmed Google scholar
[26]
Jerome-Majewska L A, Achkar T, Luo L, Lupu F, Lacy E. The trafficking protein Tmed2/p24b(1) is required for morphogenesis of the mouse embryo and placenta. Developmental Biology, 2010, 341(1): 154–166
CrossRef Pubmed Google scholar
[27]
Shipley J M, Mecham R P, Maus E, Bonadio J, Rosenbloom J, McCarthy R T, Baumann M L, Frankfater C, Segade F, Shapiro S D. Developmental expression of latent transforming growth factor b binding protein 2 and its requirement early in mouse development. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 2000, 20(13): 4879–4887
CrossRef Pubmed Google scholar
[28]
Arai A, Mizoguchi T, Harada S, Kobayashi Y, Nakamichi Y, Yasuda H, Penninger J M, Yamada K, Udagawa N, Takahashi N. Fos plays an essential role in the upregulation of RANK expression in osteoclast precursors within the bone microenvironment. Journal of Cell Science, 2012, 125(12): 2910–2917
CrossRef Pubmed Google scholar
[29]
Christ B, Huang R, Wilting J. The development of the avian vertebral column. Anatomy and Embryology, 2000, 202(3): 179–194
CrossRef Pubmed Google scholar
[30]
James A W, Xu Y, Lee J K, Wang R, Longaker M T. Differential Effects of transforming growth factor-beta1 and-beta3 on chondrogenesis in posterofrontal cranial suture-derived mesenchymal cells in vitro. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2009, 123(1): 31
CrossRef Pubmed Google scholar
[31]
Andersson O, Reissmann E, Ibáñez C F. Growth differentiation factor 11 signals through the transforming growth factor-b receptor ALK5 to regionalize the anterior-posterior axis. EMBO Reports, 2006, 7(8): 831–837
Pubmed
[32]
Hirose K, Mikawa S, Okumura N, Noguchi G, Fukawa K, Kanaya N, Mikawa A, Arakawa A, Ito T, Hayashi Y, Tachibana F, Awata T. Association of swine vertnin (VRTN) gene with production traits in Duroc pigs improved using a closed nucleus breeding system. Animal Science Journal, 2013, 84(3): 213–221
CrossRef Pubmed Google scholar

Supplementary materials

The online version of this article at http://dx.doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2017163 contains supplementary materials (Tables S1–S3; Fig. S1).

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP-IAS02), National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2015BAD03B02), Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System.

Compliance with ethics guidelines

Longchao Zhang, Jingwei Yue, Xin Liu, Jing Liang, Kebin Zhao, Hua Yan, Na Li, Lei Pu, Yuebo Zhang, Huibi Shi, Ligang Wang, and Lixian Wang declare that they have no conflict of interest.
All applicable institutional and national guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

The Author(s) 2017. Published by Higher Education Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
AI Summary AI Mindmap
PDF(651 KB)

Accesses

Citations

Detail

Sections
Recommended

/