Air pollution affects food security in China: taking ozone as an example

Abstract

Air pollution is becoming an increasingly important environmental concern due to its visible negative impact on human health. However, air pollution also affects agricultural crops or food security directly or indirectly, which has not so far received sufficient attention. In this overview, we take ozone (O ₃ ) as an example to analyze the principles and extent of the impact of air pollution on food security in China based on a review of the literature. Current O ₃ pollution shows a clear negative impact on food security, causing around a 10% yield decrease for major cereal crops according to a large number of field studies around the world. The mean yield decrease of winter wheat is predicted to be up to 20% in China, based on the projection of future ground-level O ₃ concentration in 2020, if no pollution control measures are implemented. Strict mitigation of NO _x and VOC _s (two major precursors of O ₃ ) emissions is crucial for reducing the negative impacts of ground-level O ₃ on food security. Breeding new crop cultivars with tolerance to high ground-level O ₃ should receive serious consideration in future research programs. In addition, integrated soil-crop system management will be an important option to mitigate the negative effects of elevated ground-level O ₃ on cereal crop production and food quality.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

air pollution / ozone damage / anthropogenic activity / crop production / mitigation of reactive N emission

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists (40425007), the Hundred Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, CAS.

Compliance with ethics guidelines

Zhaozhong Feng, Xuejun Liu, and Fusuo Zhang declare that they have no conflict of interest or financial conflicts to disclose.

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg