Through systematic experimental and clinical studies, the physiological regulation of utero-placental circulation and the relation of the disturbance in this acirculation to pathogenic mechanisms of high risk pregnancies-Intrauterine Growth Retardation (IUGR) and Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) were explored. The pharmacological effects and mechanism of a Chinese herbal medicine — Qingxintong in improving the uteroplacental circulation and the therapeutic efficacy in treatment of IUGR and PIH, both accompanied by disturbance of utero-placental circulation, were investigated as well.
A human promyelocytic leukemic cell line (HL-60 cells) was induced to differentiate along the myeloid pathway in vitro by 1. 25% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as an inducer. The membrane fluidity, the quantity of ConA binding sites on the cell membrane surface, and the protein tyrosine kinase (Tyr-PK) activity existing in NP-40 membrane extract and cytoplasma extract were determined respectively. The activity of tumour-derived immunosuppressive factor (TDSF) secreted by HL-60 cells into culture suppernatant was also determined. The results demonstrated that: (1) HL-60 cells were capable of undergoing differentiation onto the myeloid pathway in the presence of DMSO. The growth of DMSO-treated HL-60 cells became slow and synthesis rate of DNA decreased by about 50%. (2) Both membrane fluidity and the quantity of ConA binding sites on membrane were obviously lower after induced with DMSO than those before induction. (3) The Tyr-PK activity in the NP-40 membrane extract incresed during the period of induced differentiation. The phosphorylation level of endogenous protein in cytoplasma. extract decreased with the process of induced differentiation. It may be reasoned that the phosphatase activity is much higher than the phosphorylase activity. (4) The secretive level of TDSF by HL-60 cells during the period of induced differentiation revealed no change. The preliminary results showed that the malignant phenotypes of tumour cells we used may undergo reversible changes with induced differentiation of tumour cells except the secretion of TDSF.
The proliferation of splenocytes from healthy adults was induced by anti-CD3 McAb, PHA and IL-2. The proliferative capability and anti-tumor activity as well as phenotypes of the splenocytes cultured in different medium systems were studied. The results showed that anti-CD3 McAb and PHA not only enhanced the proliferation of splenocytes induced by IL-2, but also produced synergism if used simultaneously. The expressions of CD4 and Tac of cellular surface markers were increased after splenocytes were induced by anti-CD3 McAb and PHA. The results of anti-tumor activity of LAK cells suggested that PHA had the capability to promote anti-tumor activity of LAK cells by both direct and indirect pathways, but anti-CD3 McAb indirectly promoted anti-tumor activity of LAK cells by enhancing splenocyte proliferation.
The plasmid pTLIL-2, which only directed a low-level expression of human interleukin 2(IL-2) cDNA in E. coli, was reconstructed: a series of deletions were made in 3′ non-coding region of human IL-2 cDNA, and 7 recombinant plasmids with different deletions were selected, on the other hand, a Tac promoter sequence from pDR540 was inserted to upstream of IL-2 cDNA in pTLIL-2 so that pTLIL-2DT, which contains double Tac promoters, was constructed. And then, E. coli JM103 was transformed with the above 8 recombinant plasmids respectively. The expression efficiency of IL-2 cDNA in E. coli transformed with different plasmids was evaluated by means of SDS-PAGE and measuring3H-TdR incorporation of IL-2-dependent activated T lymphocytes in the presence of bacterial extracts. Three engineering strains with high efficiency of IL-2 expression were selected, and all of these strains could produce recombinant IL-2(rIL-2) 4 times more than E. coil JM103/pTLIL-2.
Southern-blot analysis was conducted in 15 patients by using a 1. 2 Kb HindI /BglI fragment from the 3′ end of the bcr region and a 2. 0 Kb BglI /HindI fragment from the 5′ end of the bcr as probes. Of the 15 patients in our group, 11 with chronic, myelocytic leukemia (CML), 3 with Ph-negative acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), one with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Bcr rearrangements were detected in 9 patients with CML and were negative in the rest of the patients. The results showed that the identification of bcr rearrangement was very important in the diagnosis of Ph-positive leukemias.
In order to study the DLA (Dog Leucocyte Antigen) classI region we utilized the polymerase chain reaction based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method, which has been reported previously as an efficient and simple technique for accurate definition of the HLA classI alleles[1]. To search for a appropriate primer pair a serie of amplifications with 4 different primer pairs DLA-DR-SP/Stop, DLA-DR-SP/P3, HLA-DRB-GH46/50 and HLA-DRB-AMP-A/B were provided. Only one satisfactory amplification was obtained with the primer pair HLA-DRB-AMP-A/B. The analogous sequences of the primer pair are found in the sequence of HLA-DRB-cDNA. The amplification region of the primer pair includes also the three hypervariable regions (HVR) in the sequence of DLA-DRB cDNA. Southern blot hybridization analysis confirmed the specificity of the primer pair HLA-DRB-AMP-A/B. The results of HaeI and Hinfl digestion show high polymorphism in DLA-D region and allele specific polymorphic patterns. Therefore, it is suggested that the primer pair HLA-DRB-AMP-A/B is at present the only available and usefull primer pair in PCR-RFLP study of DLA-DRB1 gene.
The polymerase chain reaction based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used to study DLA class II gene in dogs. Genomic DNA from 11 DLA homozygous reference dogs representing 8 different haplotypes and 2 families with a total of 16 animals were amplified by the oligonucleotide primer pair (HLA-DRB-AMP-A/B) cross-hybriding HLA-DRB specific and fit for the amplification of DLA-DRB1 gene. The corresponding amplified DNA products were 235 base pairs[1]. Amplified DNA was digested by 32 different restriction endonucleases, which could recognize allelic variations within DLA-DRB. After digesting only with Hae III, Hha I, Hinf I, Rsa I and Sau 96 I high polymorphism was revealed respectively and 9 distinct RFLP pattern were shown, which could be correlate to the DLA haplotypes studied. The 8 cellular established DLA-D specificities present in the reference panel were defined unequivocally by PCR-RFLP and correlated with DLADw5 and Dw6 two subtypes. The segregation pattern of four different DLA-DRB types could be demonstrated in two families. Based on these data we conclude that PCRRFLP typing utilizing the above mentioned primer pair and endonucleases is a valuable tool to define DLA class II types in the dog.
Chromosomal studies were performed in the same laboratory on 97 untreated cases of de novo acute nonlymphocytic leukemia M2. The overall incidence of chromosomal abnormality was 70. 1% (68 out of 97 cases), which was higher in children (84. 2%) than in adults (61%). The male to female chromosomal abnormality ratio was nearly the same (male 71% and female 68.4%,P > 0. 05). Hypodiploidy was the most common numerical abnormality (39%) and t (8; 21) was the most common structural abnormality (48.1%). In the patients with t(8; 21), 64. 5% (20 out of 31 cases) male lost chromosome Y (-Y) and 33% (5 out of 15 cases) female lost one chromosome X (-X).
Bone marrow studies including morphological, morphometrical and ultrastructural aspects were performed in 35 patients with M2/t (8;21) and 23 patients with M2/NN. It was found that M2/t (8; 21) patients had higher cellularity in bone marrow. Type (II) myeloblast cells were predominant among myeloblasts. Deformation of nuclei, nucleocytoplasmic asynchronism and dysmegakaryocytopoiesis were more evident in M2/t (8; 21) than in M2/NN patients.
Effects of ATP on cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+]i) in single porcine pulmonary artery endothelial cell were studied. Using a dual-wavelength excitation microflurometry. it was found that ATP evoked a rapid transient in [Ca2+]i which was then followed by a maintained elevation of [Ca2+]i. The removal of extracellular Ca2+ abolished the maintained plateform, but exerted no obvious effect on the initial-transient. These results suggest that ATP stimulates both calcium release from intracellular calcium pool(s) and calcium influx across the plasma membrane from extracellular space.
The randomized single-blind study was designed to compare the effects of captopril (Cap) and nadolol (Nad) on renal hemodynamics in 60 patients with essential hypertension. They were divided into two groups at random. Cap was given in dosage of 37. 5–75 mg/d per os and Nad 40–80 mg/d. The results show that both drugs increase the blood volume distributed to the kidneys from cardiac output (renal blood flow/cardiac output), Cap increasing 10% (P<0. 05) and Nad 8% (P<0. 05). Renal vascular resistance (RVR) is lowered by the two drugs, 13% (P<0. 05) by Cap and 11% (P<0. 05) by Nad. These suggest that both drugs facilitate the maintenance of renal blood circulation in patients with essential hypertension, being beneficial for longterm treatment of hypertension.
In experimental dogs, the effect of APN in alleviating the ischemiareperfusion injury was prominent. Compared with the sustained ischemia group, superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the ischemic region of myocardial tissue in the ischemiareperfusion group was significantly decreased and malondialdehyde (MDA) markedly increased: Ca2+ in myocardial cells was increased; and ultrastructural changes of myocardial tissues were severe. In the APN-pretreated ischemia-reperfusion group, on the contrary, all the above parameters showed reversely, i,e., SOD increased, MDA and intracellular Ca2+ decreased, the ultrastructure changes were less distorted.
The changes of hepatic hemodynamics and hemorrheology were investigated in dogs with acute liver damage induced by acetaminophen. There were remarkable disturbance in liver circulation and hemorrheological abnormality occuring in both slight and severe liver damage. The study indicated that the degree of disturbance in liver circulation as well as in hemorheological change is positively correlated with the severity of liver damage. For example, marked increase in blood viscosity linked with elevated fibrinogen level appeared in slight liver damage, whereas reduced blood viscosity associated with decreased plasma fibrinogen level and hematocrit occured in severe liver damage. This study also revealed that the increase of portal venous resistance (PVR) and the disturbance of liver circulation in slight liver damage were chiefly related to the increase of blood viscosity and the increase of PVR in severe liver damage was mainly associated with the reduction of the radius of portal vein.
The ideal time for selecting portal hypertension operation is the accurate judgement of the grade of liver function, yet the present criterion in grading liver function is controversial. 50 patients with 20 factors related to portal hypertension were undergone stepwise discriminant analysis by using SAS software on the IBM/PC computer (significance level α = 0. 05). The results show that ascites degree prothrombin time (PT), serum total bilirubin, serum albumin content, main portal vein flow are significant factors. In the light of above variates contributing to grading liver function as to establish a discriminant eqation, it was found that the total agreement rate between replaceable discrimination and original Child-Pugh classification is 86%. A test for agreement was performed between discriminant and original classification, showing that the two kinds of classification methods have a good agreement rates (Kappa = 0. 7856), indicating the discriminant classification is of practical values.
This article presents sonographic diagnosis of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in early stage. 24 children with clinically suspected acute hematogenous osteomyelitis were detected to have subperiosteal abscesses by ultrasond during four to fourteen days after onset. The mean length and anteroposterior distance of the subperiosteal abscesses were 86.4 mm and 10.7 mm, respectively. Of 24 cases of subperiosteal abscesses. aspiration performed under ultrasound guidance revealed purulent fluid in all and 23 were verified surgically. The results obtained indicate that ultrasound can be used in diagnosis of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in the early stage. The earliest case was diagnosed by ultrasound 4 days after onset. By use of ultrasound, differentiation diagnosis of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis from other diseases such as cellulitis, soft tissue abscess, acute septic arthritis and malignant bone tumors is also discussed.
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of somatostatin (SS) receptor, a brain-gut peptide receptor which is capable of inhibiting central neurons, on the pathogenesis of hepatic encephaiopathy (HE). By means of radioligand binding assay, SS receptors in crude synaptosomal membrane of rat brains were investigated in a rat model of HE induced by partial hepatectomy following carbon tetrachloride intoxication and in controls. Binding to SS receptor was studied using125 I-SS as radiolgand Scatchard analysis of binding data was linear, yielding a dissociation constant (Kd) of 3. 99 ±0. 22 nmol/L and a maximal binding capacity (Bmax) of 238 ±14.2 fmol/mg of protein in HE rats. Only increased Bmax values were observed (P<C 0. 005), while the Kd values were statistically unchanged (P>0.50), in HE rats as compared with those in controls. The results suggest that the changes of SS receptors in brains play a significant role in the pathogenesis of HE. The mechanism of HE induced by the alterations of SS receptors in the brains was discussed in this paper.