To find a technique of detecting and differentiating enteric adenoviruses (EAds) in clinical samples, a novel PCR approach was developed. EAds were able to be detected by use of a pair of subgroup F general primers (P1 and P2), and they were also be able to be differentiated from each other in the presence of another adenovirus type 40 (Ad40) specific primer (P3) in the same tube. Our results showed that there was one band for Ad41 and two bands for Ad40, respectively, on running-gel after PCR performance. PCR was performed on 40 specimens in parallel directly with dot-hybridization assay on the same diluted stool samples. 20 of 40 specimens were positive by hybridization (of them 12 were Ad41 and 8 were Ad40), whereas 26 were positive by PCR performance on the same samples with Ad41 18 and Ad40 8 positive as well. Our study indicated that this novel method could be used in clinical laboratory or in epidemic investigation for Eads

Objective Eine Datenbank der Normwerte der Hufigkeitsquoten der Osteophyten an den Lendenwirbelkörpern aufzubauen. Methoden 633 Röntgen-Übersichtsaufnahmen von männlichen Personen im Alter zwischen 20 und 87 Jahren und 607 Röntgen-Übersichtsaufnahmen von weiblichen Personen im Alter zwischen 20 und 92 Jahren ausgewertet. Eegebnisse Die Häufigkeitsquoten der Osteophyten nahmen mit zunehmendem Lebensalter zu. In den Altersgruppen 50–59 Jahren und 60–69 Jahren lagen die Häufigkeitsquoten der Osteophyten bei Männern signifikant höher als bei Frauen (P<0.01;P<0.05). Bei Männern waren am Wirbelkörper L4 am häufigsten Osteophyten vorhanden, gefolgt vom Wirbelkörper L3; bei Frauen waren am Wirbelkörper L3 am häufigsten Osteophyten vorhanden, gefolgt vom Wirbelkörper L4. Folgerung Mit Hilfe der Datenbasis ist es möglich, die Häufigkeitsquoten der Osteophyten an den Lendenwirbelkörpern durch Vergleich mit der altersbezogenen Norm quantitativ zu bewerten.

To elucidate the intracellular signaling pathways for VLDL-induced VLDLR transcription, Western blot analysis was used to examine phosphorylated ERK1/2 protein. It was found that that VLDL induced an increase in ERK1/2 activity in a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent manner in murine RAW264. 7 macrophages. By using different protein kinases inhibitors or activators it was observed that the effect of VLDL-induced VLDL receptor transcription, which is monitored by RT-PCR analysis of VLDL receptor mRNA, was not affected by the inhibitor of p38 kinase and cAMP analog, but completely abolished by pretreatment of the cells with PD 98059, an inhibitor of MEK and GF 109203X, an inhibitor of PKC. These results demonstrated that the PKC/ERK1/2 cascade is the essential signaling pathway by which VLDL activates VLDL receptor mRNA expression.

The BALB/c mice were immunized with rMS-Sj26GST and rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine in Schistosoma japonicum by subcutaneous injection. After they were immunized for 8 weeks, the eye-balls were removed to get blood and macrophages of abdominal cavity and spleen cells were harvested. The lymphocytic stimulating index (SI) was used to measure the cellular proliferating ability and NO release was used to measure the phagocytic activity of the macrophages. By using ELISA kit, the levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in serum and the splenic lymphocytic cultured supernatant were detected. The results showed that after the mice were immunized with 10⁶ CFU of rMS-Sj26GST and rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine separately by subcutaneous injection, proliferating ability of splenic lymphocytes in the mice showed no difference (P>0.05), but both were significantly increased as compared with that in the control group (P<0.05); The contents of NO in the intraperitoneal macrophages of rMS-Sj26GST vaccine group were significantly lower than in the control group (P<0.001) and rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine group (P<0.01): The levels of serum IL-2 in the rMS-Sj26GST vaccine group were significantly increased as compared with that in the control group (P<0.001), vector group (P<0.01) and rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine group (P<0.05); The contents of serum IFN-γ in the rMS-Sj26GST vaccine group were significantly increased as compared with that in the control group (P<0.01) and rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine group (P<0.05). The contents of IFN-γ in the cultured supernatant were significantly lower than those of rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine group (P<0.001) but were significantly increased as compared with that in the control group (P<0.01). It was indicated that both vaccines could enhance the immune response of the mice, but rMS-Sj26GST vaccine had stronger immunogenicity than rBCG-Sj26GST vaccine.

Using PCR technique, the vp3 gene of chicken anemia virus (CAV) was cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3 to construct a recombinant pcDNA-vp3. Restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing analysis revealed that CAV vp3 gene was correctly inserted into the blank vector pcDNA3. After LipofectAMINE^TM-mediated transfectionin vitro with pcDNA-vp3 and pcDNA3 respectively, the total mRNA was extracted from liver carcinoma cell lines HepG2 and diploid cell line L-02, and RT-PCR was performed afterward. The results of RT-PCR suggested that vp3 gene was expressed in these two cell lines. At the same time, usingin situ apoptotic detection assay, TUNEL kits, the apoptotic cells were found in pcDNA-vp3 transfected HepG2, but not in mock transfected cell lines. VP3 could induce cell death by apoptosis in cancer cell lines, but not in diploid cell lines. All the results indicated that CAV vp3 gene, a potential therapeutic agents, has the potential of being used for cancer treatment.