Bifunctional Catalysts for Aqueous-Phase Reforming of Biomass-Derived Feedstocks: Toward Clean and High-Value Hydrogen Production

Abstract

Hydrogen production via aqueous-phase reforming (APR) of biomass-derived feedstocks has attracted considerable attention as a sustainable approach for producing renewable hydrogen under relatively mild operating conditions. Despite the development of numerous catalyst systems, the rational design of bifunctional catalysts capable of simultaneously promoting dehydrogenation, C–C bond cleavage, and water–gas shift (WGS) reactions remains a key challenge. Herein, we review recent advances in bifunctional catalysts for aqueous-phase reforming, with a focus on the roles of different synergistic interactions, including metal–metal and metal–support synergies, in enhancing catalytic performance. The roles of these synergies in improving reactant activation, WGS activity, H₂ selectivity, and catalyst stability are also discussed. Current challenges and future research directions are highlighted to guide the development of high-performance and stable bifunctional catalysts for sustainable, clean, and high-value H₂ production. This review provides an updated perspective on the rational design of bifunctional catalysts and offers insights into the future development of APR technology for sustainable hydrogen production.

Keywords

Aqueous phase reforming / H₂ production / In situ CO₂ capture / Bifunctional catalyst / Biomass derivatives

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