Functionalization, Properties and Applications of Hydrogenated Two-Dimensional Materials

Abstract

Hydrogenated two-dimensional (2D) materials have gained significant attention due to their tunable properties, which can be engineered through various functionalization techniques. This review discusses hydrogenated Xenes, a new class of fully hydrogenated mono-elemental 2D materials, including graphane, germanane, silicane, and stanane. Hydrogenation enhances the properties of Xenes, making them transparent, mechanically strong, electrically conductive, and rare. These materials offer a unique combination of characteristics that make them highly desirable for a variety of advanced applications in energy storage, organic electronics, and optoelectronics. Xenes such as silicane and germanane are semiconductors with tunable bandgaps, making them ideal for use in transistors, logic circuits, and sensors. Their electronic and optical properties can be finely adjusted, allowing them to be used in high-performance devices like LEDs, solar cells, and photodetectors. Furthermore, hydrogenated Xenes show potential in applications like batteries, supercapacitors, hydrogen storage, piezoelectricity, and biosensing, owing to their high surface area and versatility. This review also explores the impact of various hydrogenation techniques, including plasma treatment, wet chemical methods, and electrochemical hydrogenation, on the electronic, mechanical, thermal, optical, and magnetic properties of these materials. Advanced characterization techniques, such as X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES), have provided valuable insights into the electronic structure and bonding environments of these materials. Finally, the paper highlights the challenges and limitations of hydrogenation, including structural instability and environmental concerns, while discussing the future prospects and advancements needed to harness the full potential of hydrogenated 2D materials. This review serves as a comprehensive resource for researchers aiming to explore the applications of hydrogenated Xenes in next-generation technologies.

Keywords

Hydrogenation xanes / 2D materials / Graphane / Germanane / Silicane / Stanene / Bandgap tuning / Energy storage

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