Evaluation of Farmland Drainage Water Quality by Fuzzy–Gray Combination Method

Abstract

The complex relationships between indicators and water conditions cause fuzzy and gray uncertainties in evaluation of water quality. Compared to conventional single-factor evaluation methods, the combination evaluation method can consider these two uncertainties to produce more objective and reasonable evaluation results. In this paper, we propose a combination evaluation method with two main parts: (1) the use of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and gray correlation analysis as submodels with which to consider the fuzzy and gray uncertainties and (2) the establishment of a combination model based on minimum bias squares. In addition, using this method, we evaluate the water quality of a ditch in a typical rice–wheat system of Yixing city in the Taihu Lake Basin during three rainfall events. The results show that the ditch water quality is not good and we found the chemical oxygen demand to be the key indicator that affects water quality most significantly. The proposed combination evaluation method is more accurate and practical than single-factor evaluation methods in that it considers the uncertainties of fuzziness and grayness.

Keywords

Combination evaluation of water quality / Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method / Gray correlation analysis method / Farmland ditch / Key indicator

References

[1] Zhu QD, Sun JH, Hua GF, et al. Runoff characteristics and non-point source pollution analysis in the Taihu Lake Basin: A case study of the town of Xueyan, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 2015, 22(19): 15029-15036.

[2] Xue L, Jin W, Ai T, et al. Water quality evaluation of agriculture drainage ditches in four lakes region of Hubei Province. Chin J Mech Eng, 2010, 19(Z1): 79-84 (in Chinese)

[3] Zhang W, Li T, Dai M. Uncertainty assessment of water quality modeling for a small-scale urban catchment using the GLUE methodology: A case study in Shanghai, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 2015, 22(12): 9241-9249.

[4] Dahiya S, Singh B, Gaur S, et al. Analysis of groundwater quality using fuzzy synthetic evaluation. J Hazard Mater, 2007, 147(3): 938-946.

[5] Gharibi H, Mahvi AH, Nabizadeh R, et al. A novel approach in water quality assessment based on fuzzy logic. J Environ Manage, 2012, 112: 87-95.

[6] Gao WC, Pan J, Ding F, et al. Research on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of surface water quality in Xiquan Lake Wetland. Adv Mater Res, 2013, 726: 1174-1177.

[7] Aghaarabi E, Aminravan F, Sadiq R, et al. A fuzzy rule-based approach for water quality assessment in the distribution network. IFSA World Congress and NAFIPS Annual Meeting (IFSA/NAFIPS). IEEE, 2013, 2013: 1149-1154.

[8] Wang W, Xu D, Chau K, et al. Assessment of river water quality based on theory of variable fuzzy sets and fuzzy binary comparison method. Water Resour Manage, 2014, 28(12): 4183-4200.

[9] Li R, Zou Z, An Y. Water quality assessment in Qu River based on fuzzy water pollution index method. J Environ Sci, 2016, 50: 87-92.

[10] Xing Z, Fu Q, Liu D (2011) Water quality evaluation by the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation based on EW method. 2011 Eighth international conference on fuzzy systems and knowledge discovery (FSKD). IEEE 1:476–479

[11] Hong S, Li T, Ren X, et al. Retracted: Study of the change of water quality for a lake in Central China. Water Environ J, 2010, 24(3): 165-173.

[12] Chen J, Zhao S, Weng Y (2009) Research on river water quality assessment of eastern route of south-to-north water transfers based on grey cluster evaluation model. In: IEEE international conference on grey systems and intelligent services, 2009 (GSIS 2009), pp 882–887

[13] Zhu L, He Y, Song X. Application of improved gray correlation analysis method to the evaluation of drinking groundwater quality. J Heilongjiang Hydraul Eng, 2009, 36(2): 79-81 (in Chinese)

[14] Yang T, Liu J, Chen Q. Assessment of plain river ecosystem function based on improved gray system model and analytic hierarchy process for the Fuyang River, Haihe River Basin, China. Ecol Model, 2013, 268: 37-47.

[15] Zhu Z, Zhang L, Wei S. A combination model and application for the water quality evaluation. WSEAS Trans Syst, 2009, 8(5): 628-637.

[16] Xue M. A novel water quality assessment method based on combination BP neural network model and fuzzy system. J Comput, 2013, 8(6): 1587-1593.

[17] Wang Q, Li G, Xu J (2008) Comprehensive assessment of water quality eutrophication in scenic water bodies by the combination of fuzzy cluster and grey cluster. In: Second international symposium on intelligent information technology application, 2008(IITA’08), vol 2. IEEE, pp 526–530

[18] Yang J (2014) Application of the improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method in water quality evaluation. Dissertation, Chongqing University (in Chinese)

[19] Xu B, Zhang M, Wang X. Application of an improved fuzzy analytic hierarchy process in water quality evaluation of the South Tiaoxi River, Lin’an Section. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2011, 31(9): 2066-2072 (in Chinese)

[20] Liu X (2012) The comprehensive evaluation model of residential housing based on coefficients of combined weights. Dissertation, Chongqing University (in Chinese)

[21] Wang P, Wang Y (2013) River water quality evaluation based on grey incidence analysis of comprehensive weight. Water Resour Protect 29(5):52–54, 64 (in Chinese)

[22] Bechmann M, Stålnacke P, Kværnø S, et al. Integrated tool for risk assessment in agricultural management of soil erosion and losses of phosphorus and nitrogen. Sci Total Environ, 2009, 407(2): 749-759.

[23] Zhao X, Zhou Y, Min J, et al. Nitrogen runoff dominates water nitrogen pollution from rice-wheat rotation in the Taihu Lake region of China. Agric Ecosyst Environ, 2012, 156: 1-11.

[24] Hofmeier M, Roelcke M, Han Y, et al. Nitrogen management in a rice-wheat system in the Taihu Region: recommendations based on field experiments and surveys. Agric Ecosyst Environ, 2015, 209: 60-73.

[25] Liu X, Li G, Liu Z, et al. Water pollution characteristics and assessment of lower reaches in Haihe River Basin. Procedia Environ Sci, 2010, 2: 199-206.

[26] Delong Wang, Shuzhen Cui. Application of treated wastewater in farmland irrigation: the effect of COD on rice. Environ Sci, 1985, 6(5): 15-17 (in Chinese)

[27] Cooper C, Moore M, Bennett E, et al. Innovative uses of vegetated drainage ditches for reducing agricultural runoff. Water Sci Technol, 2004, 49(3): 117-123.