Role of Calcium-Independent Phospholipase A₂ VIA in Mediating Neurological Disorder and Cancer

Abstract

Calcium-independent phospholipase A₂ (iPLA₂) belongs to the group VI family of phospholipase superfamily (PLA₂) that catalyses the hydrolysis of glycerophospholipids at the sn-2 ester bond, producing unesterified fatty acids and 2-lysophospholipids. Research interests on iPLA₂ have not been as significant as those on secretary PLA₂ and cytosolic PLA₂. However, more efforts have been made recently on understanding the expression, regulation and biological function of iPLA₂. iPLA₂ plays important roles in several biological processes, including signal transduction, phospholipid remodelling, eicosanoid formation, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and apoptosis. Modulation of iPLA₂ activity can have prominent effects on cellular metabolism, central nervous system and cardiovascular functions. Thus, dysregulation iPLA₂ can play a vital role in the pathogenesis of several diseases. The aim of this review is to provide the current understanding of the structure, function and regulation of group VI iPLA₂ and highlight its potential mechanisms of action in mediating several neurological disorders and cancer.

Keywords

Calcium-independent phospholipase A₂ / Neurological disorders / Memory acquisition / Alzheimer’s disease / Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy / Cancer

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