Adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenol from aqueous solution onto microwave modified activated carbon: Kinetics and equilibrium

Abstract

Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) onto microwave modified activated carbon (AC) at three different temperatures (303 K, 313 K and 323 K). Adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics of the adsorption process were explored. Equilibrium data were fitted into Langmuir and Freundlich equations, and the result reveals that the Freundlich isotherm model fits better than the Langmuir model. Three simplified kinetic models: pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion equations were adopted to examine the mechanism of the adsorption process, and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model proved to be the best in describing the adsorption data. The thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption process were estimated, showing that the adsorption of 2,4-DCP was exothermic and spontaneous, and the adsorption studied in this paper can be assigned to a physisorption mechanism.

Keywords

activated carbon / adsorption / microwave / kinetics / 2,4-DCP

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