Failure process and energy transmission for single-layer reticulated domes under impact loads

Abstract

No failure, moderate failure, severe failure, and slight failure are the four failure modes generalized observed in the dynamic response of the single-layer reticulated dome under vertical impact load on apex. T _E (the time that the end of impact force) and T _F (the time that members are broken) are two key times in the failure process. Characteristics of dynamic responses at the two key times are shown in order to make the failure mechanism clear. Then three steps of energy transfer are summarized, i.e. energy applying, energy loss and energy transfer, energy consumption. Based on the three steps, energy transfer process for the failure reticulated dome under once impact is introduced. Energy transmissibility and local loss ratio are put forward firstly to obtain E _LF (the energy left in the main reticulated dome) from the initial kinetic energy of impactor. Moreover, the distribution of failure modes is decided by E _LF which leads to the maximum dynamic response of the reticulated dome, but not by the initial impact kinetic energy of impactor.

Keywords

reticulated domes / impact loads / energy / failure process / energy transmissibility / local loss ratio

References

[1] Tan S.. Cable-Based Retrofit of Steel Building Floors to Prevent Progressive Collapse [D]. 2003, Berkeley: University of California.

[2] Xiong Shishu, Pan Qincun, Xiong Mingxiang. The collapsed analysis and study of protective methods of steel frame with composite slab under impact load [J]. Journal of Railway Engineering Society, 2006(8): 53–57(in Chinese).

[3] Xiong M.. Study of the Response and Protective Methods of Steel Structure with Composite Slab Under Impact Loads [D]. 2005, Wuhan: School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.

[4] Lu X., Jiang J.. Dynamic finite element simulation for the collapse of World Trade Center[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2001, 34(6): 8-10.

[5] Zhao Z., Zhong J., Yu S.. Study on damage to reinforced concrete structures by impacting of an aircraft[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 2003, 23(5): 88-94.

[6] Guo K.. Dynamic Analysis of Single-Layer Reticulated Shells Under Impact [D]. 2005, Taiyuan: College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology.

[7] Shi J.. Dynamic Response Research on K8 Single-Layer Reticulated Dome Under Impact [D]. 2005, Taiyuan: College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology.

[8] Li H., Guo K., Wei J., et al. The dynamic response of a single-layer reticulated shell to drop hammer impact[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2006, 26(1): 39-45.

[9] Pera Global. ANSYS/LS-DYNA User’s Guide.

[10] Karagiozova D., Alves M.. Transition from progressive buckling to global bending of circular shells under axial impact(Part I): Experimental and numerical observations[J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2004, 41(5/6): 1565-1580.

[11] Karagiozova D., Alves M.. Transition from progressive buckling to global bending of circular shells under axial impact(Part II): Theoretical analysis[J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2004, 41(5/6): 1581-1604.