Testing studies on rock failure modes of statically loads under dynamic loading

Abstract

By means of the improved split Hopkionson pressure bar(SHPB) with axial pre-pressure and confined pressure, two series of experiments on sandstone are carried out to research the failure mode of rock during the course of exploitation of resources in deep. One is under the conditions that the confining pressure is fixed and the axial pressure is changeable. The other is under the conditions that the confining pressure becomes and the axial pressure is fixed. It is found that samples break up evenly after impacting when axial static pressures are low, there is great disparity in size of fragments when axial static pressures are high, and the main bodies of samples after the tests under the combination of dynamic and static loads frequently show the type of V or X. The samples are more close-grained at the elastic stage and impacts make many cracks be generated and developed, as makes samples more crackable. At the initial phase of damage stage, the static pressures make some cracks in the samples which are undeveloped and the impacts’ role is similar to that at the elastic stage. At the metaphase or anaphase of damage stage, these cracks in the samples develop adequately and the impacts mainly accelerate samples’ failure. The main bodies of samples show the type of V or X after impacting due to the confining pressures’ restraining samples’ lateral formation at the elastic stage or the initial phase of damage stage, the main bodies of samples have almost formed at the stage loading static pressures and the results after impacting usually are similar to those under the axial pressures tests.

Keywords

Hopkinson / combination of static and dynamic loads / damage / failure mode

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