Applications of GSTARS computer models for solving river and reservoir sedimentation problems

Abstract

GSTARS (Generalized Sediment Transport model for Alluvial River Simulation) is a series of computer models developed by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation while the author was employed by that agency. The stream tube concept is used in all GSTARS models which allow us to solve one-dimensional equations for each stream tube independently and obtain semi-two-dimensional variation of the hydraulic conditions along and across stream tubes for rivers and reservoirs. Sediment transport, scour, and deposition processes are simulated along each stream tube independently to give us a semi-three-dimensional variation of the bed geometry. Most sediment transport computer models assume that channel width is given and cannot change during the simulation process. GSTARS models apply the theory of minimum stream power to the determination of optimum channel width and channel geometry. The concepts of channel side stability, and active, inactive, and armoring layers are used in all GSTARS models for realistic long-term simulation and prediction of the scour and deposition processes in rivers and reservoirs. GSTARS models have been applied in many countries for solving a wide range of river and reservoir sedimentation problems. Case studies will be used to illustrate the applications of GSTARS computer models.

Keywords

computer model / reservoir / river / sediment transport

References

[1] Molinas A., Yang C. T.. Computer Program User’s Manual for GSTARS (Generalized Stream Tube Model for Alluvial River Simulation)[M]. 1986, Denver, Colorado, USA: U. S. Bureau of Reclamation Engineering and Research Center.

[2] Yang C. T., Molinas A., Song C. C. S.. Fan S. S.. GSTARS-generalized stream tube model for alluvial river simulation [C] Twelve Selected Computer Stream Sedimentation Models Developed in the United States, Subcommittee on Sedimentation, Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data, Interagency Ad Hoc Sedimentation Work Group, 1988, Washington, D.C., USA: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission..

[3] Yang C. T., Simões F. J. M.. User’s Manual for GSTARS3 (Generalized Sediment Transport Model for Alluvial River Simulation Version 3.0)[M]. 2002, Denver, Colorado, USA: U. S. Bureau of Reclamation, Technical Service Center.

[4] Yang C. T.. Sediment Transport: Theory and Practice[M]. 1996, New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc..

[5] Yang C. T.. Sing V. P., Fiorentino M.. Force, energy, entropy, and energy dissipation rate [C] Entropy and Energy Dissipation in Water Resources, 1992, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publisher 63-89.

[6] Yang C T, Song C C S. Theory of Minimum Energy and Energy Dissipation Rate [M]. Encyclopedia of Fluid Mechanics, vol. 1,Chap. 11. Edited by N. Cheremisinoff. Gulf Publishing Company, 1986. 353–399.

[7] Yang C. T., Song C. C. S.. Theory of minimum rate of energy dissipation[J]. Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 1979, 105(HY7): 769-784.

[8] Chang, H. Generalized computer program FLUVIAL-12 [C]. Mathematical Model for Erodible Channels User’s Manual, 1990.

[9] DuBoys M. P.. Le Rhône et les rivières à lit afflouillable[J]. Annals de Ponts et Chaussée, 1879, 18(5): 141-195.

[10] Meyer-Peter E, Müller R. Formula for bed-load transport [C]. Proceedings of the International Association for Hydraulic Research, 2nd Meeting. Stockholm,1948.

[11] Laursen E M. The total sediment load of streams [J]. Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 1958, 84(HY1).

[12] Madden E. Modified Laursen Method for Estimating Bed-Material Sediment Load [R]. USACE-WES, Contract Report HL-93-3.1993.

[13] Toffaleti F B. Definitive computations of sand discharge in rivers [J]. Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 1969, 95(HY1).

[14] Engelund F., Hansen E.. A Monograph on Sediment Transport in Alluvial Streams[M]. 1972, Copenhagen, Demark: Teknish Forlag, Techni cal Press.

[15] Ackers P, White W R. Sediment transport: New approach and analysis [J]. Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 1973, 99(HY11).

[16] Yang C. T.. Incipient motion and sediment transport[J]. Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 1973, 99(HY7): 1679-1704.

[17] Yang C. T.. Unit stream power equation for gravel[J]. Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 1984, 110(HY12): 1783-1797.

[18] Yang C. T.. Unit stream power equations for total load[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 1979, 40 123-138.

[19] Parker G.. Surface based bedload transport relationship for gravel rivers[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 1990, 28(4): 417-436.

[20] Yang C T, Molinas A, Wu B. Sediment transport in the Yellow River [J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 1996, 122(5).

[21] Ashida K, Michiue M. Study on hydraulic resistance and bed load transport rate in alluvial streams [J]. Proceedings of JSCE, 1972:59–69 (in Japanese).

[22] IRTCES. Lecture Notes of the Training Course on Reservoir Sedimentation [R]. 1985, Beijing, China: International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation, Sediment Research Laboratory of Tsinghua University.

[23] Krone R. B.. Flume Studies of the Ttransport of Sediment in Estuarial Process [R]. 1962, Berkeley, CA: Hydraulic Engineering Laboratory and Sanitary Engineering Research Laboratory, University of California.

[24] Ariathural Krone R. B.. Finite element model for cohesive sediment transport[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Division, 1976, 102(4): 323-338.

[25] ASCE Task Committee on Relations between Morphology of Small Streams and Sediment Yield of the Committee on Sedimentation of the Hydraulics Division Relationships between morphology of small streams and sediment yields[J]. Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 1982, 108(HY11): 1328-1365.

[26] Alonso C V. Selecting a Formula to Estimate Sediment Transport Capacity in Nonvegetated Channels [R]. CREAMS (A Field Scale Model for Chemicals, Runoff, and Erosion for Agricultural Management System). Knisel W G ed, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Conservation Research Report No. 26, Chapter 5. 1980. 426–439.

[27] Yang C. T.. Noncohesive Sediment Transport. Chapter 3. Erosion and Sediment Manual[M]. 2006, Denver, Colorado, USA: U. S. Bureau of Reclamation, Technical Service Center.

[28] Kikkawa H., Kitagawa A., Ikeda S.. Flow and bed topography in curved open channels[J]. Journal of the Hydraulics Division, 1976, 102(9): 1327-1342.

[29] Ikeda S., Parker G., Kimura Y.. Stable width and depth of straight gravel rivers with heterogeneous bed materials[J]. Water Resource Research, 1988, 24(5): 713-722.

[30] van Rijn L. C.. Sediment transport (Part I): Bed load transport[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 1984, 110(10): 1431-1456.

[31] van Rijn L. C.. Sediment Transport (Part III): Bed forms and alluvial roughness[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 1984, 110(12): 1733-1754.

[32] Bennett J., Nordin C.. Simulation of sediment transport and armouring[J]. Hydrological Sciences Bulletin, 1977, 22 555-569.

[33] Han Q. A study on the nonequilibrium transportation of suspended load [C]. Proceedings of the International Symposium on River Sedimentation. Beijing, China, 1980. 793–802.

[34] Han Q., He M.. A mathematical model for reservoir sedimentation and fluvial processes[J]. International Journal of Sediment Research, IRTCES, 1990, 5(2): 43-84.

[35] Lane E W. Report of the subcommittee on sediment terminology [J]. Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 1947, 28(6). Washington, D.C.

[36] Partheniades E. Erosion and deposition of cohesive soils [J]. Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 1965, 91(HY1).

[37] Mehta A. J., Hayter E. J., Parker W. R., et al. Cohesive sediment transport(I): Processes description[J]. ASCE Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 1989, 115(HY8): 1076-1093.

[38] Yang C. T.. Potential energy and stream morphology[J]. AGU Water Resources Research, 1971, 7(2): 311-322.

[39] Song C. C. S., Zheng Y., Yang C. T.. Modeling of river morphologic changes[J]. International Journal of Sediment Research, 1995, 10(2): 1-20.

[40] Othman K. I., Wang D.. Application of GSTARS 2.1 model for degradation in alluvial channels [C] Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on River Sedimentation. Yichang, China, 2004, III 1532-1537.

[41] Yang C. T., Simões F. J. M.. User’s Manual for GSTARS2.1 (Generalized Sediment Transport Model for Alluvial River Simulation Version 2.1)[M]. 2000, Denver, Colorado: Technical Service Center, U. S. Bureau of Reclamation.

[42] Yang C. T., Treviño M. A., Simões F. J. M.. User’s Manual for GSTARS 2.0(Generalized Stream Tube Model for Alluvial River Simulation Version 2.0)[M]. 1998, Denver, Colorado, USA: Technical Service Center, U. S. Bureau of Reclamation.

[43] Cellino M., Essyad K.. Bousmar D., Zech Y. A. A.. Reduction of sediment deposition by introducing an artificial stony bank: A practical example in Upper Rhone River, Switzerland [C] Proceedings of the International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics. Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium River, Flow 2002, 2002, Lisse/Abingdon/Exton (PA)/Tokyo: Balkema Publishers 951-959.

[44] Banchuen S, Tingsanchali T, Chinnarasri C. Comparison between GSTARS2.1 and HTC-6 river morphological models [J]. International Journal of Hydrological Sciences, IAHS August.2008.

[45] Laursen E M. The total sediment load of streams [J]. Journal of the Hydraulics Division, ASCE, 1958, 84(HY1).

[46] Ashida K, Michiue M. An investigation of river bed degradation downstream of a dam [C]. Proceedings of the IAHR XIV Congress, Vol. 3.1971.

[47] Swamee P. K.. Analytic and experimental investigation of streambed variation of a dam [D]. 1974, India: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Rookee.