This research investigated the impact of social-networking service posts on the formation of image structure of cities, focusing on the spatial distribution of images and their content similarity. It aimed to delineate the image structure of cities created by numerous users, moving beyond traditional qualitative methods towards a more quantitative and objective approach with big data. Taking central Tokyo as an example, this study extracted geotagged image data of 33 major railway station areas from Flickr’s API (Application Programming Interface). Four coverage types of viewpoint distribution, namely planar, intersecting linear, linear, and nodal, were identified, reflecting the unique urban structures respectively. Further investigation of the image contents, primarily consisting of “urban landscape” and “landscape/street trees,” showed that such contents significantly influenced the formation of the image structure of cities. The study concluded that as the number of photo posts increased and the representative viewpoints concentrated, the digital information received by users became more homogeneous, leading to strongly stereotyped images of urban landscapes. These findings highlight the role of social networking services in shaping perceptions of the urban environment and provide insights into the image structure of cities as formed by digital information.

As important cultural service providers in urban ecosystems, historical blocks play a crucial role in ensuring the well-being of multiple stakeholders during the urban renewal process. Based on theories of Landsenses Ecology and literature review, this study systematically examined the landsense elements of historical blocks and their related cultural ecosystem services (CES) by proposing a landsense design practice framework for CES enhancement and further constructing a landsense evaluation indicator system. Using the Three-Lanes and Seven-Alleys Block in Fuzhou, China as a case study, this research analyzed the status quo and existing problems of the block according to the evaluation indicator system, and then proposed suggestions for landsense creation to enhance, preserve, and improve CES of the block. Finally, it qualitatively elaborated the evaluation indicators upon the practice framework of landsense design. This study provides an essential theoretical foundation and evaluation basis for enhancing CES in historical blocks from a perspective of multi-dimensional perceptions.