From Resilient Cities Congress to Daring Cities: Policies, Actions, and Hot Trends of Resilient City Development

Abstract

The Resilient Cities Congress (2010 ~ 2019) and the Daring Cities (2020 to present) were the pioneering annual global platforms showcasing the latest advancements in international research and practices of resilient cities. They have been instrumental in fostering the growth and collaborative efforts of resilient cities across the globe. Drawing from the materials and scholarly work presented at these congresses, this research comprehensively reviews the evolution of resilient cities over the last decade through the lenses of policies and actions, summarizing the cutting-edge and current trends. The journey of global resilient cities unfolds in three phases of global commitment and framework establishment, path exploration and action, and experience translation and adaption. Resilience building and financing based on multi-level actions, multi-stakeholder collaboration, and community participation have consistently been the core themes of the Resilient Cities Congress series. Emphasizing the leading role of local governments in such actions and taking into account the social, environmental, and economic dimensions, multi-disciplinary and cross-sectoral cooperation and innovation is the key to achieving resilience and overall sustainable development. Moreover, in response to the new challenges and opportunities of the digital age, efforts to strengthen the cyber resilience by building a healthy and safe cyber environment are vital enhancers of sustainable urban development. Finally, the article reflects how the insights and accomplishments stemming from the Resilient Cities Congress series can inform resilient city research and practices in China. It advocates for a strategic approach that aligns with China's unique conditions and urban characteristics, encouraging the adaptation and contextualization of resilient initiatives to craft localized and regionspecific plans for building resilient cities across the nation.

● Reviews the global resilient city development from 2010 to present based on the Resilient Cities Congress series and Daring Cities

● Summarizes the hotspots and actions of resilient city development and focuses and key paths of resilient city construction

● Discusses emerging opportunities, challenges, and strategies of resilient city development, such as cyber resilience in the digital era

● Discusses the experience and achievements of the Resilient Cities Congress series and their implications for China's resilient city research and practice

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Resilient City / Daring City / Policy Review / Action Path / Hot Trends / Cyber Resilience

References

[1] Qiu, B. (2018) Methods and principles of designing resilient city based on complex adaptive system theory. Urban Development Studies, 25 ( 10), 1– 3.

[2] Mitroliou, E., & Kavanaugh, L. (2015). Resilient cities report 2015: Global developments in urban adaptation and resilience. ICLEI.

[3] Roberts, K. (2020). Daring Cities 2020: Know more, act better, lead together. ICLEI.

[4] Bizzotto, M., Huseynova, A., & Estrada, V. V. (2019). Resilient cities, thriving cities: The evolution of urban resilience. ICLEI.

[5] Holling, C. S. (1973) Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 4 ( 1), 1– 23.

[6] Zhai, G. , & Huang, W. (2017) Carrying out resilient city construction to make cities safer and more livable. City and Disaster Reduction, ( 4), 5– 9.

[7] Li, Y. , Zhai., G. , & Gu, F. (2016) Review on methods of quantification of urban infrastructure resilience. Urban Development Studies, 23 ( 6), 113– .

[8] Li, Z. , & Hu, Z. (2021) A review of urban resilience research: Theory, experience and reference. China Anicent City, 35 ( 11), 1– 12.

[9] Berkes, F., & Folke, C. (Eds. ). (2000). Linking Social and Ecological Systems: Management Practices and Social Mechanisms for Building Resilience. Cambridge University Press.

[10] Pimm, S. L. (1984) The complexity and stability of ecosystems. Nature, ( 307), 321– 326.

[11] Holling, C. S. (1996). Engineering resilience versus ecological resilience. In: P. C. Schulze (Ed. ), Engineering within Ecological Constraints (p. 32). National Academy Press.

[12] Walker, B. , Holling, C. S. , Carpenter, S. R. , & Kinzig, A. (2004) Resilience, adaptability and transformability in social-ecological systems. Ecology and Society, 9 ( 2), 5– .

[13] Desouza, K. C. , & Flanery, T. H. (2013) Designing, planning, and managing resilient cities: A conceptual framework. Cities, ( 35), 89– 99.

[14] Folke, C. , Carpenter, S. R. , Walker, B. , Scheffer, M. , Chapin, T. , & Rockström, J. (2010) Resilience thinking: Integrating resilience, adaptability and transformability. Ecology and Society, 15 ( 4), 20– .

[15] Chen, N. , Xiang, H. , Ma, B. , & Li, J. (2022) Research hotspots and trends of urban stormwater management in China based on resilience theory. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 33 ( 11), 3137– 3145.

[16] Lu, Y. , Zhai, G. , Shi, Y. , & Zhou, S. (2020) Resilience within spatial planning in the Netherlands and its implications. Urban Planning International, 35 ( 1), 10– .

[17] Chen, N. , Guo, H. , & Xiang, H. (2023) Evaluation of urban resilience level and analysis of obstacle factors: A case study of Hunan Province, China. Frontiers in Earth Science, 10 , 1033441– .

[18] Barbizan, T. S., Kavanaugh, L., & Mitroliou, E. (2016). Resilient cities report 2016: Global developments in urban adaptation and resilience. ICLEI.

[19] United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. (2015). Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030.

[20] United Nations. (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

[21] United Nations Environment Programme. (2015). Paris Agreement.

[22] United Nations, (2016) New Urban Agenda. City Planning Review, 40 ( 12), 19– 32.

[23] Shi, N. (2017) Introductions to Habitat Ⅲ and New Urban Agenda, and their enlightenment on China. City Planning Review, 41 ( 1), 9– 21.

[24] Shi, C. , Zhu, X. , Wang, C. , & Wu, F. (2023) Review and prospect of resilient cities: From the perspective of urban complex systems. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 43 ( 4), 1726– 1737.

[25] Nicholas, P. (2017). Smart city resilience: Digitally empowering cities to survive, adapt, and thrive. McKinsey & Company.

[26] Rose, A. (2004) Defining and measuring economic resilience to disasters. Disaster Prevention and Management, 13 ( 4), 307– 314.

[27] Adger, W. N. (2000) Social and ecological resilience: Are they related?. Progress in Human Geography, 24 ( 3), 347– 364.

[28] Klein, R. J. T. , Nicholls, R. J. , & Thomalla, F. (2003) Resilience to natural hazards: How useful is this concept?. Global Environmental Change Part B: Environmental Hazards, 5 ( 1), 35– 45.

[29] Jha, A. K., Miner, T. W., & Stanton-Geddes, Z. (Eds. ). (2013). Building urban resilience: Principles, tools, and practice. The World Bank.

[30] Fan, W. (2015) Thoughts and suggestions on building a smart and resilient city. Informatization of China Construction, ( 21), 20– 21.

[31] Li, Q. (2024) Data privacy and security challenges in the digital transformation of smart cities. China Strategic Emerging Industry, ( 3), 77– 79.

[32] Kavanaugh, L., Mitroliou, E., Barbizan, S. T., & Estrada, V. V. (2017). Resilient cities report 2017: Tracking local progress on the resilience targets of SDG 11. ICLEI.

[33] ICLEI East Asia. (2018). 2017 Annual Report.

[34] ICLEI East Asia. (2019). 2018 Annual Report.

[35] ICLEI East Asia. (2020). 2019 Annual Report.

[36] Bizzotto, M. (2018). Resilient cities report 2018: Tracking local progress on the resilience targets of SDG 11. ICLEI.

[37] Arikan, Y., Chenault, A., Mogyorósy, E., & Fonseca, B. (2022). Daring Cities 2022: Responding to the climate emergency through finance. ICLEI.

[38] Arikan, Y., Dekovic, A., Maclauchlan, B., Wladkowski, J., & Van Begin, G. (2022). Daring Cities 2021: Leading in the climate emergency. ICLEI.

[39] United Nations. (2022). World population prospects 2022: Summary of results.

Acknowledgements

Research on Identification Method of Urban Stock Land Use Based on Multi-source Big Data, General Program of the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China (No. 2023JJ30156)

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

© Higher Education Press 2024