The effect of the pyrolytic carbon (PyC) interface thickness on the heat-stability of Cansas-II SiC_f/SiC composites under Ar up to 1 500 °C was studied in detail. After the heat treatment at 1 500 °C for 50 h, the interface bonding strength of the thin interface (about 200 nm) decreases from 74.4 to 20.1 MPa (73.0%), while that of the thick interface (about 2 µm) declines from 7.3 to 3.2 MPa (52.7%). At the same time, the decline fraction of strength of the composites with the thin interface is 12.1%, less than that with the thick interface (42.0%). The fiber strength also decreases after heat treatment, which may be due to the significant growth of β-SiC grains and critical defects. The different heat-stability of the interface with the thin and thick thickness might be related to the inconsistency of the degree of the graphitization of PyC. Compared with the composites with the thick interface, the composites with the thin interface remained higher tensile strength after heat treatment due to the better interface bonding strength. The interface with strong bonding strength could protect the fiber by postponing the decomposition of amorphous phases SiC _xO _y and hindering the generation of fiber defects.

La₄NiLiO₈-coated NCM622 samples were prepared through a sol-gel method, and the electrochemical performance as cathode materials was investigated. It is revealed that part of the introduced La³⁺ ions produce a coating layer on the surface of NCM622 particles, while the rest occupy the 3b position of the lattice. The optimized sample exhibits a capacity retention of 96.54% after 100 cycles under 1C rate with a discharge specific capacity of 117.54 mAh·g⁻¹ under 5C rate, much higher than those of the unmodified sample. The results show that the addition of La³⁺ ion can greatly improve the cyclic stability and the rate performance of NCM622.

Mullite thermal storage ceramics were prepared by low-cost calcined bauxite and kaolin. The phase composition, microstructure, high temperature resistance and thermophysical properties were characterized by modern testing techniques. The experimental results indicate that sample A3 (bauxite/kaolin ratio of 5:5) sintered at 1 620 °C has the optimum comprehensive properties, with bulk density of 2.83 g·cm⁻³ and bending strength of 155.44 MPa. After 30 thermal shocks (1 000 °C-room temperature, air cooling), the bending strength of sample A3 increases to 166.15 MPa with an enhancement rate of 6.89%, the corresponding thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity are 3.54 W°(m°K)⁻¹ and 1.39 kJ°(kg°K)⁻¹ at 800 °C, and the thermal storage density is 1 096 kJ°kg⁻¹ (25–800 mullite ceramics; sintering properties; high-temperature thermal storage; thermal shock resistance). Mullite forms a dense and continuous interlaced network microstructure. which endows the samples high thermal storage density and high bending strength, but the decrease of bauxite/kaolin ratio leads to the decrease of mullite content, which reduces the properties of the samples.

The effect of substitution La₂O₃ and YF₃ as network modifiers respectively for Y₂O₃, and ZnO as intermediate oxide for Al₂O₃ on crystallization and viscous behavior of Y₂O₃-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ glass was studied. La₂O₃ and YF₃ substitution for Y₂O₃ decreases the melting temperature of studied glass from 1 402 to 1 346 and 1 379 °C, and the activation energy of viscous flow decreases from 340 to 250 and 265 kJ/mol. Meanwhile, ZnO substitution for Al₂O₃ decreases the melting temperature to 1379 °C while increases the activation energy of viscous flow to 542 kJ/mol, due to their different role in glass structure. Substitution ZnO for Al₂O₃ refines and homogenizes the crystals size and lowers crystallinity because the nucleation and crystal growth are depressed by higher activation energy of crystallization and change of crystallization mechanism from bulk crystallization to surface crystallization. Replacement of Y₂O₃ by La₂O₃ and YF₃ respectively also decreases the crystallinity of Y₂O₃-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ glass ceramic due to competitive and hindering effect on the rearranged atoms, structural units and groups required by precipitated two crystals. Besides, y-Y₂Si₂O₇, precipitation of Y_4.67(SiO₄)₃O, ZnAl₂O₄, and Y₃Si₃O₁₀F were observed respectively due to incorporation of La₂O₃, ZnO, and YF₃.

The Si₃N₄/SiC gradient material with a gradient composition structure was prepared by a hot pressing sintering. The sinterability, distribution of residual stress and the effect of residual stress on mechanical properties of Si₃N₄/SiC gradient materials were studied. The research results show that, at 1 750 °C, Si₃N₄/SiC gradient materials with different ratios can achieve co-sintering, and the overall relative density of the sample reaches 98.5%. Interestingly, the flexural strength of Si₃N₄/SiC gradient material is related to its loading surface. The flexural strength of SiC as the loading surface is about 35% higher than that of Si₃N₄ as the loading surface. The analysis of the residual stress of the material in the gradient structure shows that the gradient stress distribution between the two phases is a vital factor affecting the mechanical properties of the material. With the increase of SiC content in the gradient direction, the fracture toughness of each layer of Si₃N₄/SiC gradient materials gradually decreases. The surface hardness of the pure SiC side is lower than that reported in other literature.

Light-colored antistatic polyacrylonitrile(PAN) composite fiber was successfully prepared via a facile wet-spinning process using ATZO@TiO₂ whiskers as conductive fillers. This kind of low-cost fiber meets the requirements of light-colored and antistatic ability, which is quite suitable for mass production of dust-proof and safety workwear. The conductive whiskers are well dispersed in the fiber and form a continuous conductive pathway, which makes the fiber to possess a long conductive ability. The lowest resistance of antistatic ATZO@TiO₂/PAN fiber was 2.1×10⁷ Ω·cm.

Inspired by structures of natural shells, zirconia-carbon nanocomposites were obtained by using natural chitin from shrimp shells as templates via the sol-gel route in this study. Chitin was dispersed in the water and chelated with the zirconia precursors by amidogen. After a heat treatment for carbonization, nacre-like structures of carbon-zirconia nanocomposites were successfully synthesized. Due to the toughening mechanism of tetragonal zirconia, the mechanical properties of carbon-zirconia composites are further improved. The as-received zirconia/carbon nanocomposite with best mechanical property has a hardness of 5.88 GPa and an elastic modulus of 80.6 GPa, which is even stronger than natural shells. This work might facilitate a versatile platform for developing green nanocomposites with reasonably good mechanical properties.

Through the rapid carbonation test of SFRRC with different fiber volume fractions at ultra-low temperature, the influence of ultra-low temperature damage on the carbonation resistance of SFRRC was analyzed, which provides a theoretical basis for the application of SFRRC in ultra-low temperature engineering. The experimental results show that ultra-low temperatures can significantly weaken the carbonization resistance of SFRRC. When the temperature reaches 160 °C, the carbonization depth increases by 67.66 % compared with the normal state. The proper amount of steel fiber has an evident influence on the carbonation resistance of the material. However, when the addition amount exceeds the optimum content, the carbonation resistance of the material decreases. The grey prediction model established by constructing the original sequence can reasonably predict the carbonation resistance of SFRRC after ultra-low temperatures.

In order to deal with the increasingly serious environmental problems, it is important and necessary to lower the concentration of greenhouse gases, especially the CO₂ gas. CO₂ capture and storage are the relative suitable options for the reduction of these harmful gas concentration. Through the variation of mass ratio of KOH to bio-char, the as prepared active carbon PC-4 exhibits a higher specific surface area of 2 491.57 cm³·g⁻¹, with the ultra-micropores of 0.5 and 1.2 nm. At 298 K/1 bar, the CO₂ adsorption capacity of PC-4 also represents the highest value of 5.81 mmol/g. This work demonstrates that the both the pore size and the specific surface area are equally important to enhance the CO₂ adsorption. This work provides a sustainable method to develop high efficiency waste-based adsorbents to deal with environmental issues of CO₂ gas.

Dense pre-hydrated geosynthetic clay liners (DPH GCLs) were manufactured as innovative materials accompanied by the advantage of lower hydraulic conductivity (k). The k of DPH GCLs permeated with de-ionized water (DIW) was 9.8 × 10⁻¹² m/s. The effect of Cu²⁺ synthetic solution on DPH GCLs was discussed. Furthermore, the effect mechanism was studied on the basis of test technologies. A significant adverse impact on hydraulic performance of DPH GCLs is found when the concentration of Cu²⁺ is greater than 1 g/L. SEM, XRD, XRF, FTIR, and XPS analyses show that the effect of Cu²⁺ on DPH GCLs includes two steps. Firstly, Cu²⁺ interacts with hydrophobic organic matter (HOM), and the adhesion of bentonite is destroyed, and some holes appear. The Cu²⁺ contacts with bentonite directly, and Cu²⁺ interacts with bentonite through ion exchange. Passivated phenomenon occurs on the surface of the bentonite, and swelling ability of bentonite is reduced, which causes permeable DPH GCLs.

We reported a low-cost and easy-to-make method to effectively generate quantum dot (QD) states in 2D hBN films for quantum emissions at room temperature by utilizing silica nanospheres, in comparison with the sophisticated nanofabrication method reported in previous studies. The QDs created in 2D hBN films using silica nanospheres exhibit pronounced photon emissions with a good photo-stability in air, a narrow distribution of the emission peaks within the range of 580–620 nm, and a directional emission pattern, behaving as a single electric dipole. Our work develops the method of controllable fabrication of quantum emitters in 2D materials by using nano materials and structures.

Silica aerogel with different hydrophilicities were prepared from tetramethoxysilane, Methymethoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane-propyltrimethoxysilane, or tetramethoxysilane-phenyltrimethoxysilane mixtures via supercritical drying process (labelled as TMOS-AG Me-TMOS-AG, Pr-TMOS-AG, or Ph-TMOS-AG, respectively). Three fragrances, including geraniol, ethyl vanillin, and menthol, were loaded to TMOS-AG. The thermal analysis confirmed all loading fragrances are stable until over 200 °C. And among all fragrances, geraniol presented the maximum loading contents (L _m). Concentration dependences indicated the geraniol was mono layer absorbed. Py-GC/MS of geraniol in TMOS-AG under both N₂ and mimic air atmosphere (90% N₂ and 10% O₂) confirmed that loaded geraniol could be thermally controlled-released beginning at 200 °C. As N₂ absorption confirmed, even absorption/desorption equilibrium constant (k) was determined mainly by hydrophilicity of silica aerogels, and the maximum loading contents (L _m) were influenced more by the pore size. Due to mono layered absorption, bigger pores usually give less specific areas and less absorbing sites for geraniol, and then present lower L _m.

The present work investigates copper slag as a substitute for river sand in high-strength concrete. The concrete mixtures were manufactured with 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 100% of copper slag to evaluate the mechanical and durability properties. The experimental results indicate that replacing copper slag above 50% affects the performance characteristics of the concrete due to its high angularity and lower water absorption characteristics. The strength of concrete with 50% copper slag is improved by 5.6%, whereas the strength of concrete with 100% copper slag is reduced by 2.75% at 28 days. However, increased curing to 90 days improves the strength of the former by 7.16% and reduces the latter by only 0.23%. The water absorption, porosity, and rapid chloride penetration of the concrete mixtures with 100% copper slag are increased by 10.44%, 13.20%, and 19.56% compared to control concrete. Micro-structural investigations through SEM infer higher replacement of copper results in higher void formation due to its reduced water absorption.

Three types of electrodeposition, DC electrodeposition, low-frequency pulsed electrodeposition and high-frequency pulsed electrodeposition, were used to deposit cuprous oxide on the concrete surface to improve the antibacterial properties of concrete. The effects of pulse deposition frequency on the antibacterial property of concrete were studied using sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) as model bacteria. The bacterial concentration and the antibacterial rate were measured to evaluate the antibacterial performance of concrete. The effects of different deposition methods on the elemental content of copper and the amount of copper ions exuded were studied. XRD and SEM were used to analyze the microstructure of the deposited layers. The experimental results show that the concrete treated by electrodeposition exhibited good antibacterial properties against SRB and E. coli. The antibacterial effect of cuprous oxide deposited on concrete by pulse method was better than that by direct current (DC) method. The antibacterial rate of concrete was positively correlated with the exudation rate of copper ion. As the pulse frequency increased, the deposits content on the surface was increased with an accompanying improvement in the antibacterial property. Besides, the pulsed current had an indiscernible effect on the composition of the sediments, which were all mainly composed of Cu₂O, but the morphology of the Cu₂O differed greatly. Cubic octahedral cuprous oxide had better antibacterial properties with the highest copper ion leaching rate compared with cubic and spherical cuprous oxide.

We investigated the effects of calcination temperature (950–1 450 °C), steel slag content, and the total chromium content of steel slag on the Cr⁶⁺ contents of clinker samples produced using steel slags with different chromium contents. Additionally, the reactions of chromium in clinker (produced using steel slag) during calcination were studied. It is found that Cr⁶⁺ conversion increases with increasing calcination temperature to 1 250 °C, reaching a maximum of 43%–79%, before decreasing to 18%–42% at 1 450 C. Cr⁶⁺ is mainly formed by the oxidation of trivalent chromium (Cr³⁺) during the solid-phase reaction stage of clinker calcination. Furthermore, the Cr⁶⁺ content of a clinker sample is proportional to the chromium content of its raw meal precursor and is mainly in the form of water-insoluble calcium chromate (CaCrO₄). The chromium in clinker is mainly distributed in tricalcium aluminate and tetracalcium aluminoferrite, however, some is present in silicate minerals. We expect to inform the monitoring and control of the Cr⁶⁺ content of clinker (produced using steel slag) and resulting cement.

In order to prepare a new material with long-term stable performance, low cost, easy construction, and ecological environmental protection, the influence of aeolian sand on the compressive and flexural strength as well as micro morphology and phase composition of magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) was studied. The experimental results indicate that, with the increase of content of doping sand, the compressive strength and flexural strength of MOC decrease significantly. However, when the quality ratio of aeolian sand and light burned magnesia powder is 1:8, the performance meets the actual engineering needs. Namely, the compressive strength of MOC is not less than 18 MPa, and flexural strength is not less than 4 MPa. Meanwhile, within 12 months of age, the compressive strength and flexural strength are stable. There is no obvious change in phase composition, and its main phase is still 5·1·8 phase. Microscopic appearance changes from needle-like to gel-like shape. Based on engineering applications, it is found that when the novel sand-fixing material is used in the field for one year, its macroscopic feature is not damaged, compressive strength and flexural strength are also more stable, phase composition negligibly changes, and micro morphology has also been turned into be gellike shape. These further confirm the long-term stability and weather resistance of MOC doping aeolian sand, providing theoretical and technical support for the widely application of MOC in the field of sand fixation in the future.

To explore the distribution of and the mechanical properties (compressive strength) of the hardened body of alkali slag-fly ash cementitious materials, this study was conducted by using the XRD, FT-IR, SEM/EDS, and other test methods in three conditions: airtight drying (AD), airtight immersion (AI), and airtight soaking (AS). The 1D distribution law of free of hardened body under standard curing conditions was explored. The experimental results show that under standard curing conditions, the 1D distribution of within 0 d-3 d shows a ∨-shaped distribution, within 3–7 d show a ∧-shaped distribution, and within 7–28 d tends to be balanced. The test results of leaching rate show that the free was the most stable under AD conditions and the hardened body bound the most by XRD, FTIR and SEM/EDS. And the compressive strength of the hardened body was the highest. The compressive strength of 28th reached 95.9 MPa. The definite distribution of provides an important reference for the strength development and durability evaluation of the hardened body of alkali-excited cementitious materials.

In order to explore the internal curing mechanism of sepiolite in cement-based materials, the effects of sepiolite on the water consumption of standard consistency, setting time, viscosity, strength, pore structure characteristics, micro-hardness characteristics and two-dimensional surface characteristics of cement paste were studied, respectively. The experimental results show that the water consumption of standard consistency increases linearly with the increase of sepiolite content. The setting time and viscosity are also lengthened and increased with the addition of sepiolite, respectively. When the content of sepiolite exceeds 5%, the strength of the specimen increases significantly. The BET results show that the pore structure of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) in hardened cement paste (HCP) with sepiolite is optimized after curing for 28 d and its pore volume content with below 10 nm is decreased, especially for the specimen with a lower water-cement ratio. The characteristics of microhardness and strength of specimens have the same law. Backscattered electron image (BSE-IA) shows that the ITZ of the specimen with sepiolite is denser and the unhydrated cement particles are less than the reference specimen.

Repair welding of AA 6082-T6 joints was carried out using ER 4043 filler through the TIG welding process with or without pulsed current. Microstructure and mechanical characteristics of the joints before and after repairing were investigated by examining macrostructure, microstructure, and distributions of porosity in the weld metal (WM), and by hardness, tensile, and bending tests. We observed that the welding current, phase transformations in heat-affected zone (HAZ) and porosity introduced in the WM during welding influence on its mechanical properties in sequence. The experimental results showed that the bead width and penetration as well as size of pores in the joints were mainly influenced by the welding currents. The sound joints were obtained at a welding current of 140 A with or without pulsed current when welding speed and gas flow rate were set at 20 cm·min⁻¹ and 15 L·min⁻¹, respectively. Among them, the decrease in mechanical properties of repair weld (RW) was directly related to the phase transformations in the over-ageing zone due to the double welding thermal cycles and elevated distribution of porosity in the WM. In addition, it was observed that the comparatively smaller grain size and lower porosity in WM of the RW produced by pulsed TIG welding gave a positive effect on its mechanical properties.

Both Cu60Ni38Co2 and Cu60Ni40 alloy were naturally cooled after rapid solidification from the liquid phase. The transformation law of the microstructure characteristics of the rapidly solidified alloy with the change of undercooling (ΔT) was systematically studied. It was found that the two alloys experienced the same transformation process. The refinement structures under different undercoolings were characterized by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The experimental results show that the characteristics of the refinement structure of the two alloys with low undercooling are the same, whereas, the characteristics of the refinement structure with high undercooling are opposite. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) results of Cu60Ni38Co2 alloy show that the dislocation network density of low undercooled microstructure is lower than that of high undercooled microstructure. By combining EBSD and TEM, it can be confirmed that the dendrite remelting fracture is the reason for the refinement of the low undercooled structure, while the high undercooled structure is refined due to recrystallization.

We focused on Ti/Al composite materials fabricated by wire and arc addictive manufacturing, and the microstructure and interface characteristics of them before and after hot compression deformation were compared. After compression deformation, all α structures of titanium were compacted with the emergence of Widmanstatten structures. Coarsened colonies α of titanium were elongated and waved along the original growth direction, resulting in anisotropy of grains. Pores and Ti/Al intermetallic compounds of aluminum are significantly decreased after hot compression. Meanwhile, a good bonding interface between titanium and aluminum is obtained after hot compression, and the element diffusion is more intense. In addition, the mechanical properties and fracture behaviors of Ti/Al composite material with different clad ratio that is defined as the ratio of the thickness of titanium to that of the Ti/Al composite material are investigated by uniaxial tensile test. The experimental results show that the ultimate tensile strength of Ti/Al composite material is between that of single deposited titanium and aluminum, while the elongation of Ti/Al composite material with low clad ratio is lower than that of single aluminum due to the metallurgical reaction. As the clad ratio increases, the two component layers are harder to separate during deformation, which is resulted from the decrease of the inward contraction stress of three-dimensional stress caused by necking of aluminum. This work may promote the engineering application of Ti/Al bimetallic structures.

Fe-12Cr-2.5W-xSi-0.4Ti-0.3Y₂O₃ alloys were fabricated by mechanical alloying and vacuum sintering. The effect of sintering temperature and Si content on the microstructure and properties of the alloy was investigated systematically. The experimental results show that the relative density and tensile strength of the alloy were increased with the elevating of sintering temperature and Si content within a certain range. The alloy with 1wt% Si sintered at 1 350 °C exhibited superior properties, and the relative density and tensile strength were 96.8% and 692.7 MPa, respectively. HAADF and EDAX analysis of nano-precipitation in the matrix indicated that Si could combine with Y, Ti, and O in the sintering process, which was uniformly distributed with the size of 10 nm. Portion of Y₂O₃ had not completely dissolved in the milling process, which was retained in the matrix of the alloy.

The effect of Ti and Ce microalloying on the mechanical properties of Al-9Si-3.5Cu-0.2Zr-0.1Sr cast aluminum alloy was investigated, and it was hoped that the cast aluminum alloy with excellent comprehensive properties could be obtained. On the basis of Zr-Sr microalloyed cast aluminum alloy (Al-9Si-3.5Cu-0.2Zr-0.1Sr), the effects of 0.2Zr-0.1Sr-0.16Ti ternary microalloying and 0.2Zr-0.1Sr-0.16Ti-0.1Ce quaternary microalloying on the microstructure and properties of the alloy were investigated. The experimental results show that compared with Zr-Sr microalloying, Zr-Sr-Ti microalloying and Zr-Sr-Ti-Ce microalloying can effectively refine the microstructure, improve the modification effect of Si phase, and promote the improvement of Al₂Cu phase, thus improving the properties. The higher the degree of microalloying, the hardness is gradually increasing, but the electrical conductivity is gradually decreasing. Zr-Sr-Ti microalloying can increase the tensile strength of the alloy to 400.07 MPa and the elongation to 9.5%. Zr-Sr-Ti-Ce microalloying do not continue to improve the properties of the alloy, and the tensile strength and elongation after fracture decrease to a certain extent due to the addition of Ce. Therefore, the best comprehensive properties can be obtained by Zr-Sr-Ti microalloying (Al-9Si-3.5Cu-0.2Zr-0.1Sr-0.16Ti).

The effects of cooling rates on solidification behaviors, segregation characteristics and tensile property of GH4151 alloy were investigated using microstructure characterization and tensile test. Firstly, a relationship between the secondary dendrite arm spacing and cooling rate was determined and it was confirmed to be valid. Secondly, it can be found from microstructure observations that the morphology of (Nb, Ti)C carbides transits from blocky and script type to fine script type and spotty type, and the refined γ′ phase was observed due to decrease of segregation with increasing cooling rates. Thirdly, the solidification microstructures of the industrial-scale samples were analyzed. The morphology of η phase changes from indistinguishable shape, fine needle-like shape to large block-like shape with increasing ingot diameter. As a result, the mechanical properties of alloy decrease due to increase of brittle precipitations. The experimental results show that the precipitation behavior of GH4151 is affected by segregation degree of elements, and the segregation degree is determined by solute distribution process and solid back-diffusion process.

To improve corrosion inhibition performance of copper foil with a novel two-step electrochemical modification processes, the surface of 35 µm copper foils was coated with graphene oxide(GO) via electrochemical method at first step, then was further coated with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane(APTS) at the second step. For the first step the copper foil acted as anode, and as cathode for the second one(we labeled it as E-GO). Optimum coating parameters for the preparation of E-GO coating are 5 V and 1 min with ratio of APTS/deionized water(DI) 1.5/98.5(v/v). The physicochemical properties of modified coating were studied by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and hydrophilicity test. Electrochemical behavior of different samples were also investigated. The experimental results indicate that anti-corrosion performance is significantly improved with two-step modified coating. And E-GO coating shows more positive corrosion potential and the highest corrosion resistance rate than others according to the Tafel curve. It is also found that surface hydrophobicity of E-GO coating is significantly improved.

To study the influence of texture on Hall-Petch slope, the Hall-Petch relationships of two hot-extruded AZ31 alloys (A117 and A189) were determined by the measurement of yield strength at room temperature. To determine the real texture difference, the texture changes were facilitated by the variation of extrusion ratio and demonstrated by the actual grain orientation distributions. The A117 alloys exhibited higher Hall-Petch slope in comparison of A187 in the condition of tension and compression, because A117 alloys had lower volume fraction of grains in the range of basal pole 75°–90°. The Hall-Petch slope differences for both alloys were analyzed and discussed by boundary obstacle against deformation propagation in grains with various orientation. Due to the higher volume fraction of grains in the range of basal pole 75°–90° in A189, the effect of hindering dislocation slip or twinning propagation by grains boundary was weaker than of A117.

The aim of this work was to inhibit biofilm formation by taking advantages of bacterial surface display technology in combination with cell membrane chromatography. A recombinant protein INP-AidH was constructed by fusing a quorum signal hydrolase AidH to the C-terminus of the ice nucleation protein (INP). Expression of INP-AidH was achieved on E. coli cell surface at an expression level of 30% of total membrane proteins. Activity of INP-AidH on cell membranes was confirmed in degrading the quorum signal C6-HSL as well as inhibiting bacterial biofilm. Immobilization of INP-AidH anchored cell membranes on silica gel particles was facilitated by taking advantages of cell membrane chromatography. The functionalized silica gel particles also exhibit activities in degrading C6-HSL and inhibiting bacterial biofilm. This article presents a new approach to prevent biofilm formation of silica-based materials.

An acid-sensitive delivery system based on acylhydrazone bond was developed for high loading and efficient delivery of doxorubicin. Doxorubicin(DOX) was covalently combined with dihydrazide adipate to form acid-sensitive hydrazone bond based on Schiff base reaction, then the intermediate was covalently combined with carboxymethyl chitosan through amide bond to form polymeric prodrugs, and nanoparticles were formed through self-assembling. Moreover, the structural and particle properties of CMCS-ADH-DOX were characterized by ultraviolet visible near infrared spectrophotometry (UV), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-NMR), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mean diameter of the self-assembled nanoparticles is 165 nm, while the morphology is a relatively uniform spherical shape. Moreover, these DOX-loaded nanoparticles showed pH-triggered drug release behavior. Compared with free DOX, CAD NPs showed lower toxic side effects in L929 cells and similar toxicity in 4T1 cells. The experimental results indicate that the CMCS-ADH-DOX nanoparticles may be used as an acid-sensitive targeted delivery system with good application prospect for cancer.

To investigate the corrosion behaviors and antibacterial effects of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and hydrogen peroxide silver ion (HPSI) disinfectants with different concentrations against dental unit waterlines and provide guidance and reference for the use of chemical disinfectants, polyurethane tubes were immersed in ultrapure water (control group), 0.1% NaClO, 0.5% NaClO, 1.0% NaClO, 2.5% HPSI, 5.0% HPSI, and 10% HPSI solutions for 6, 12, and 18 weeks. Contact angles and Fourier transform infrared spectra were detected. Surface morphologies were observed using scanning electron microscopy and antibacterial activity was evaluated using Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The results showed that sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide silver ion disinfectants presented good antibacterial activity against S. aureus. However, sodium hypochlorite could cause serious damage to the water pipes where corrosion pits and cracks were observed, and increasing the concentration of sodium hypochlorite could accelerate the corrosion process. Hydrogen peroxide silver ion disinfectants had no obvious damage to the water pipes. Therefore, hydrogen peroxide silver ion disinfectants are recommended to use for controlling bacterial infection in dental unit waterlines which can reduce the damage to the water pipes.

The crosslinking mechanism of glyoxal and asparagine was analyzed, and the relationship between the mechanism and practical performances of soy protein-based adhesives was also discussed. It is shown that when pH=1 and 3, glyoxal reacted with asparagine in the form of major cyclic ether compounds. When pH =5, glyoxal reacted with asparagine in two structural forms of sodium glycollate and cyclic ether compounds. However, amidogens of asparagine were easy to develop protonation under acid conditions. Supplemented by the instability of cyclic ether compounds, the reaction activity and reaction degree between glyoxal and asparagine were relatively small. Under alkaline conditions, glyoxal mainly reacted with asparagine in the form of sodium glycollate. With the increase of pH, the polycondensation was more sufficient and the produced polycondensation products were more stable. The reaction mechanism between glyoxal and asparagine had strong correspondence to the practical performances of the adhesives. Glyoxal solution could develop crosslinking reactions with soy protein under both acid and alkaline conditions. Bonding strength and water resistance of the prepared soy protein-based adhesives were increased significantly. When pH>7, glyoxal had relatively high reaction activity and reaction intensity with soy protein, and the prepared adhesives had high crosslinking density and cohesion strength, showing relatively high bonding strength, water resistance and thermal stability.