Porous Carbon Derived from Poplar Catkins and Its High-performance CO₂ Capture

Abstract

In order to deal with the increasingly serious environmental problems, it is important and necessary to lower the concentration of greenhouse gases, especially the CO₂ gas. CO₂ capture and storage are the relative suitable options for the reduction of these harmful gas concentration. Through the variation of mass ratio of KOH to bio-char, the as prepared active carbon PC-4 exhibits a higher specific surface area of 2 491.57 cm³·g⁻¹, with the ultra-micropores of 0.5 and 1.2 nm. At 298 K/1 bar, the CO₂ adsorption capacity of PC-4 also represents the highest value of 5.81 mmol/g. This work demonstrates that the both the pore size and the specific surface area are equally important to enhance the CO₂ adsorption. This work provides a sustainable method to develop high efficiency waste-based adsorbents to deal with environmental issues of CO₂ gas.

Keywords

porous carbon / biomass / microporous / CO₂ adsorption

References

[1] Ahmed R, Liu G, Yousaf B, et al. Understanding the Synergy between N-doped Ultra-microporous Carbonaceous Adsorbent and Nitrogen Functionalities for High Performance of CO₂ Sorption[J]. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2021, 9(1): 104 646

[2] Hussain M, Liu G, Yousaf B, et al. Regional and Sectoral Assessment on Climate-change in Pakistan: Social Norms and Indigenous Perceptions on Climate-change Adaptation and Mitigation in Relation to Global Context[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018, 200: 791-200 808.

[3] Haque E, Islam MM, Pourazadi E, et al. Boron-Functionalized Graphene Oxide-Organic Frameworks for Highly Efficient CO₂ Capture[J]. Chemistry, an Asian Journal, 2017, 12(3): 283-288.

[4] USDC. Trends in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Monthly Average Mauna Loa CO ₂. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division. United States Department of Commerce[J]. (accessed July 17, 2021)

[5] Salvinder KMS, Zabiri H, Taqvi SA, et al. An Overview on Control Strategies for CO₂ Capture Using Absorption/Stripping System[J]. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2019, 147: 319-337.

[6] Abd AA, Naji SZ, Hashim AS, et al. Carbon Dioxide Removal Through Physical Adsorption Using Carbonaceous and Non-carbonaceous Adsorbents: A Review[J]. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2020, 8(5): 104142

[7] Song C, Liu Q, Deng S, et al. Cryogenic-based CO₂ Capture Technologies: State-of-the-art Developments and Current Challenges[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2019, 101: 265-278.

[8] Winarta J, Meshram A, Zhu F, et al. Metal-organic Framework-based Mixed-matrix Membranes for Gas Separation: An Overview[J]. Journal of Polymer Science, 2020, 58(18): 2 518-2 546.

[9] Chu S. Carbon Capture and Sequestration[J]. Science, 2009, 325(5948): 1 599

[10] Creamer AE, Gao B. Carbon-based Adsorbents for Postcombustion CO₂ Capture: A Critical Review[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2016, 50(14): 7 276-7 289.

[11] Shi X, Xiao H, Azarabadi H, et al. Sorbents for the Direct Capture of CO₂ from Ambient Air[J]. Angewandte Chemie, 2020, 59(18): 6 984-7 006.

[12] Ahmed R, Liu G, Yousaf B, et al. Recent Advances in Carbon-based Renewable Adsorbent for Selective Carbon Dioxide Capture and Separation-A Review[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, 242: 118409.

[13] Abd AA, Naji SZ, Barifcani A. Comprehensive Evaluation and Sensitivity Analysis of Regeneration Energy for Acid Gas Removal Plant Using Single and Activated-methyl Diethanolamine Solvents[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2020, 28(6): 1 684-1 693.

[14] Abd AA, Naji SZ, Hashim AS. Failure Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Corrosion Through Wet Natural Gas Gathering pipelines[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2019, 105: 638-646.

[15] Yeh JT, Resnik KP, Rygle K, et al. Semi-batch Absorption and Regeneration Studies for CO₂ Capture by Aqueous Ammonia[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2005, 86(14–15): 1 533-1 546.

[16] Wang L, Rao L, Xia B, et al. Highly Efficient CO₂ Adsorption by Nitrogen-doped Porous Carbons Synthesized with Low-temperature Sodium Amide Activation[J]. Carbon, 2018, 130: 31-130 40.

[17] Kumar S, Srivastava R, Koh J. Utilization of Zeolites as CO₂ Capturing Agents: Advances and Future Perspectives[J]. Journal of CO2 Utilization, 2020, 41: 101251.

[18] El-Mahdy AFM, Yu TC, Kuo SW. Synthesis of Multiple Heteroatomdoped Mesoporous Carbon/Silica Composites for Supercapacitors[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2021, 414: 128796.

[19] Keshavarz L, Ghaani MR, MacElroy JMD, et al. A Comprehensive Review on the Application of Aerogels in CO₂-Adsorption: Materials and Characterisation[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2021, 412: 128604.

[20] Deng J, Li M, Wang Y. Biomass-derived Carbon: Synthesis and Applications in Energy Storage and Conversion[J]. Green Chemistry, 2016, 18(18): 4 824-4 854.

[21] Li Y, Li D, Rao Y, et al. Superior CO₂, CH₄, and H₂ Uptakes over Ultrahigh-surface-area Carbon Spheres Prepared from Sustainable Biomass-derived Char by CO₂ activation[J]. Carbon, 2016, 105: 454-105 462.

[22] Rashidi NA, Yusup S. An Overview of Activated Carbons Utilization for the Post-combustion Carbon Dioxide Capture[J]. Journal of CO2 Utilization, 2016, 13: 1-16.

[23] Li J, Michalkiewicz B, Min J, et al. Selective Preparation of Biomass-derived Porous Carbon with Controllable Pore Sizes Toward Highly Efficient CO₂ Capture[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2019, 360: 250-360 259.

[24] Gadipelli S, Guo ZX. Graphene-based Materials: Synthesis and Gas Sorption, Storage and Separation[J]. Progress in Materials Science, 2015, 69: 1-60.

[25] Kumar KV, Preuss K, Lu L, et al. Effect of Nitrogen Doping on the CO₂ Adsorption Behavior in Nanoporous Carbon Structures: A Molecular Simulation Study[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2015, 119(39): 22 310-22 321.

[26] Serafin J, Ouzzine M, Cruz Junior OF, et al. Preparation of Low-cost Activated Carbons from Amazonian Nutshells for CO₂ Storage[J]. Biomass and Bioenergy, 2021, 144: 105925.

[27] Sarwar A, Ali M, Khoja AH, et al. Synthesis and Characterization of Biomass-derived Surface-modified Activated Carbon for Enhanced CO₂ adsorption[J]. Journal of CO2 Utilization, 2021, 46: 101476.

[28] Nazir G, Rehman A, Park SJ. Role of Heteroatoms (Nitrogen and Sulfur)-dual Doped Corn-starch based Porous Carbons for Selective CO₂ Adsorption and Separation[J]. Journal of CO2 Utilization, 2021, 51: 101641.

[29] Liu S, Yang P, Wang L, et al. Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbons from Lotus Leaf for CO₂ Capture and Supercapacitor Electrodes[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2019, 33(7): 6 568-6 576.

[30] Barrett BEP, Joyner LG, Halenda PP. The Determination of Pore Volume and Area Distributions in Porous Substances. I. Computations from Nitrogen Isotherms[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1951, 73 373–73 380

[31] Brunauer S. Emmett PH, Teller E. Adsorption of Gases in Multimolecular Layers[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1938, 60 309–60 318

[32] Kooti M, Pourreza A, Rashidi A. Preparation of MIL-101-Nanoporous Carbon as a New Type of Nanoadsorbent for H₂S Removal from Gas Stream[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2018, 57 331–57 338

[33] Pourmand S, Abdouss M, Rashidi A. Fabrication of Nanoporous Graphene by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and its Application in Oil Spill Removal as a Recyclable Nanosorbent[J]. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2015, 22 8–18

[34] Pavia DL, Lampman GM, Kriz GS, et al. Introduction to Spectroscopy, 2008 CA, USA: Cengage Learning, Inc.

[35] Moreno-Castilla C, Ferro-Garcia MA, Joly JP, et al. Activated Carbon Surface Modifications by Nitric Acid, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Ammonium Peroxydisulfate Treatments[J]. Langmuir, 1995, 11(11): 4 386-4 392.

[36] Fan X, Zhang L, Zhang G, et al. Chitosan Derived Nitrogen-doped Microporous Carbons for High Performance CO₂ Capture[J]. Carbon, 2013, 61 423–61 430

[37] Seredych M, Hulicova-Jurcakova D, Lu GQ, et al. Surface Functional Groups of Carbons and the Effects of Their Chemical Character, Density and Accessibility to Ions on Electrochemical Performance[J]. Carbon, 2008, 46(11): 1 475-1 488.

[38] Thommes M, Kaneko K, Neimark AV, et al. Physisorption of Gases, with Special Reference to the Evaluation of Surface Area and Pore Size Distribution (IUPAC Technical Report)[J]. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2015, 87(9–10): 1 051-1 069.

[39] Yang J, Yue L, Lin B, et al. CO₂ Adsorption of Nitrogen-Doped Carbons Prepared from Nitric Acid Preoxidized Petroleum Coke[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2017, 31(10): 11 060-11 068.

[40] Ahmadi R, Ardjmand M, Rashidi A, et al. High Performance Novel nanoadsorbents Derived - natural Cellulose Fibers for Superior CO₂ Adsorption and CO₂/CH₄ Separation[J]. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020: 1–19

[41] Balou S, Babak SE, Priye A. Synergistic Effect of Nitrogen Doping and Ultra-Microporosity on the Performance of Biomass and Microalgae-Derived Activated Carbons for CO₂ Capture[J]. ACS applied materials & interfaces, 2020, 12(38): 42 711-42 722.

[42] Ahmadi R, Ardjmand M, Rashidi A, et al. Enhanced Gas Adsorption using an Effective Nanoadsorbent with High Surface Area based on Waste Jute as Cellulose Fiber[J]. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 2021, 13(4): 3 071-3 086.

[43] Vorokhta M, Morávková J, Dopita M, et al. Effect of Micropores on CO₂ Capture in Ordered Mesoporous CMK-3 Carbon at Atmospheric Pressure[J]. Adsorption, 2021, 27(8): 1 221-1 236.