In order to obtain high Q_m ceramics, different additives including MnO₂, Fe₂O₃ and K₂CO₃ were added into the base PZT composition of xPb(Zn_0.2Sn_0.3Mn_0.5)_1/3 Nb_2/3O₃-(1−x)Pb(Zr_0.5T_0.5)O₃. The mechanical quality factor Q_m increased while the piezoelectric constant decreased to some degree as MnO₂ was added alone. Although apparent decreasing was observed in piezoelectric constant d₃₃ after MnO₂ and Fe₂O₃ were added simultaneously, the mechanical quality factor Q_m was kept at the same level as before. The values of d₃₃ and Q_m decreased dramatically as K₂CO₃ was added in combination with MnO₂ and Fe₂O₃. The structure of grain boundary was damaged and more defects were generated by low valence K adding in this multi-impurified PZT solid. Mn doped sample presented a wide range of sintering temperature. The properties parameters of Mn doped PZT are listed as follows: piezoelectric constant d₃₃=256pC/N, mechanical quality factor Q_m=2079, coupling coefficient K_p=0.53, Coercive field E_c=22.5kV/cm, Cure Temperature T_c=286°C. These parameters show that Mn-doped PZT ceramics are suitable for application in high Q_m and transmitting materials.

The preparation method of urethral extracellular matrix (ECM) was introduced and the biocompatibility of urethral ECM was studied. The urethral segmental defect was created artificially in animal models, which were followed by reconstruction with prepared urethral ECM. And postoperative histologic and pathologic exams were employed to evaluate the biocompatibility of urethral ECM. The experimental results show that urethral ECM was biocompatible and can promote cellular interaction as well as tissue development. Urethrography and urodynamic evaluation revealed that there was no difference between the normal and new tissue. The urethral ECM appears to be a useful material for urethral repair in the rabbit. It is biocompatible and for tissue handling.

TiO₂−CeO₂ films were deposited on soda-lime glass substrates at varied substrate temperatures by rf magnetron sputtering using 40% molar TiO₂-60% molar CeO₂ ceramic target in Ar: O₂=95∶5 atmosphere. The structure, surface composition, UV-visible spectra of the films were measured by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The experimental results show that the films are amorphous, there are only Ti⁴⁺ and Ce⁴⁺ on the surface of the films, the obtained TiO₂−CeO₂ films show a good uniformity and high densification, and the films deposited on the glass can shield ultraviolet light without significant absorption of visible light, the films deposited on substrates at room temperature and 220 °C absorb UV effectively.

In order to obtain the bio-molecule LDHs nanocomposites having regular crystal structure, three nanocomposites of layered double hydroxides and polyoxyethylene sulfates were prepared by ion-exchange method. TEM analysis reveals that the monodisperse rigid sphere of approximately 200 nm in diameter could be gotten when the intergallery anion was PEGS-400. Such monodisperse nanoparticle could be used as a promising precursor for preparing bio-molecule/LDHs nanocomposites.

To confirm apoptosis is one of the hepatoma cells death pathways after HAP nanoparticles absorption, hepatoma cells were collected for ultrathin sections preparation and examined under a transmission electron microscope (TEM) after 1 h incubation with HAP nanoparticle. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL technique. After absorption, some vacuoles with membrane containing HAP nanoparticles were found in cytoplasma. The nuclear envelope shrinked, and some are pullulated from nucleus. The karyotin became pycnosis and assembled at the edge. An apoptosis body was found. And the data of IOD and numbers of the positive apoptosis signals in nuclear area of slides could illustrate much more apoptosis in the HAP group than those in the control group. (P<0.001). The experimental results that the HAP nanoparticles can induce cancer cells apoptosis.

The adsorption behavior and mechanism of a novel chelate resin, macroporous phosphonic acid resin (PAR) for Ni(II) were investigated. The statically saturated adsorption capacity is 64.3 mg·g⁻¹ resin at 298 K in HAc-NaAc medium. The Ni(II) adsorbed on PAR can be eluted by 0.5 mol·L⁻¹ HCl and the elution percentage reaches 96.6%. The resin can be regenerated and reused without obvious decrease in adsorption capacity. The apparent adsorption rate constant is k₂₉₈=2.6×10⁻⁵ s⁻¹. The adsorption behavior of PAR for Ni (II) obeys the Freundlich isotherm. The thermodynamic adsorption, parameters, enthalpy change ΔH, free energy change ΔG and entropy change ΔS of PAR for Ni(II) are 3.36 kJ·mol⁻¹, −5.47 kJ·mol⁻¹ and 29.6J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹, respectively. The apparent activation energy is E_a=12.2kJ·mol⁻¹. The molar coordination ratio of the functional group of PAR to Ni(II) is about 4∶1. The adsorption mechanism of PAR for Ni(II) was examined by a chemical method and IR spectrometry.

Bi_3.25La_0.75Ti₃O₁₂(BLT) thin films were prepared on Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si substrate by the sol-gel method. The effect of annealing on their structures and ferroelectric properties was investigated. The XRD patterns indicate that the BLT films annealed at different temperatures are randomly orientated and the single perovskite phase is obtained at 550°C. The remnant polarization increases and the coercive field decreases with the annealing temperature increasing. The leakage current density of the BLT films annealed at 700°C is about 5.8×10⁻⁸ Al cm² at the electric field of 250 kV/cm.

Indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films (100±10nm) were deposited on PC (polycarbonate) and glass substrates by rf(radio-frequency) magnetron sputtering. The oxygen content of the ITO films was changed by variation of the sputtering gas composition. All the other deposition parameters were kept constant. The shect resistance, optical transmittance and microstructure of ITO films were investigated using a four-point probe, spectrophotometer, X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and atomic force microscope (AFM). Sheet resistances for the ITO films with optical transmittance more than 75% on PC substrates varied from 40 Ω/cm² to more than 104 Ω/cm² with increasing oxygen partial pressure from 0 to about 2%. The same tendency of sheet resistances increasing with increasing oxygen partial pressure was observed on glass substrates. The X-ray diffraction data indicated polycrystalline films with grain orientations predominantly along (440) and (422) directions. The intensities of (440) and (422) peaks increased slightly with the increase of oxygen partial pressure both on PC and glass substrates. The AFM images show that the ITO films on PC substrates were dense and uniform. The average grain size of the films was about 40nm.

A simple and rapid process for synthesizing lead zirconate titanate, Pb(Zr_0.52Ti_0.48)O₃ (PZT), ferroelectric powders was developed. This process, combining the sol-gel and combustion process, offers several advantages over conventional methods, including rapid solution synthesis, use of commercially available materials, lower synthesis temperature and ease of obtaining ultrafine powders. The precursor solution for synthesizing powders was prepared from lead nitrute, zirconium nitrate, titanium oxynitrate, citric acid and deionized water. The precursor was investigated by DSC-TG, and the PZT powders were investigated by powder-XRD, IR spectra and TEM. XRD analysis shows that the powders posses a single-phase perovskite-type structure, no pyrochlore phase exists, and TEM image shows that the grain size of the powders is about 40nm.

Vanadium molybdenum oxynitrides nanoparticles were synthesized successfully in the channels of MCM-41 after surface modification, vacuum co-impregnation and nitridation technology. The products were investigated by nitrogen sorption measurement, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX) and CNH element analysis. The investigation results show that superfine nanoparticles of vanadium molybdenum oxynitrides exist in the channels of MCM-4).

Two methods for preparing la_2.9K₀: CoO₃ perovskite composite oxides, traditional solid state reaction method and sol-gel method, were compared. The characteristics of the powders, such as purity, particle diameter, BET surface area, pore diameter, were investigated by using TG-DTA, XRD, SEM and BET methods. The experimental results show that La_0.9K_0.1 CoO₃ perovskite composite oxide can be obtained by using the two methods. The purity of La_0.9K₀: CoO₃ powders can be increased by raising the calcining temperature while the particle diameter increased and BET surface area decreased. At the same calcining temperature, the properties of the La_0.9K₀: CoO₃ powders synthesized by the sol-gel method are superior to those synthesized by the solid state reaction method, such as purer phase, smaller particle diameter, which can be used as a satisfactory catalyst in diesel waste gas cleaning.

Polymer-protected monodisperse nickel nanoparticles were synthesized by a modified polyol reduction method in the presence of poly (N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone). These nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), as well as vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The experimental results show that the addition of PVP and the concentration of NaOH have strong influences on the size, agglomeration and uniformity of nanoparticles. In the presence of PVP and NaOH with low concentrations, monodisperse nickel nanoparticles with average diameters about 42 nm were obtained and characterized to be pure nickel crystalline with fee structure. Secondary structures such as clusters, loops, and strings resulted from magnetic interactions between particles were observed. The chemical interaction between the PVP and nickel nanoparticles was found by FTIR. The saturation magnetization (Ms), remarem magnetization (Mr) and coercivity (HC) of these nickel nanoparticles are lower than those of balk nickel.

A proton-transfer complex of 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid (H₄BTC) with 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), [(H₂BTC)²⁻·2(Hphen)⁺·(H₄BTC)] was synthesized and characterized by IR, UV-Vis spectra and luminescence. The structure was determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. It crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P-1 with a=7.3767(15), b=10.704(2), c=12.890(3) Å, α=102.96(3), β=105.71(3), γ=99.68(3)^o, V=926.0(3) ų, D_c=1.558 g/cm³, Z=2, μ(Mo-Kα)=0.121 mm⁻¹ and F(000)=448. The final R=0.0401 and wR=0.0862 for 2983 observe reflections with [1>2σ(1)]. It is composed of discrete H4BTC molecules, H₂BTC²⁻ anions and, [Hphen]⁺ cations. The extensive hydrogen-bonding associations formed between the H4BTC molecules and H₂BTC²⁻ anions result in the formation of a two-dimensional layer, to which the [Hphen]⁺ cations are attached through the hydrogen bonds formed between the carboxyl groups of H₄BTC and the NH groups of [Hphen]⁺. Under the excitation of UV light, it emits an intense blue luminescence.

The PAn-PEO-PAn triblock copolymer with the PEG chain length of 400 was synthesized by chemical oxidation copolymerization of aniline and α, ω-bis(p-aminophenyl) poly(ethylene glycol) and characterized by FT-IR and TEM. The experimental results show that the copolymer particles are of a typical core-shell structure after the self-assembly process in water. Its conductivity is much lower than that of the pure PAn. The suspension containing 20 vol% PAn-PEO-PAn triblock copolymer in silicone oil exhibits a typical electrorheological (ER) effect in DC electric field, while it shows a lower leakage current density than that of the pure PAn-based ER fluids. Therefore, the PEO shell hinders the electric hop among PANI chains and decreases the current density of ER fluids in an external electric field, at the same time the interface polarity imprones the ER effects.

The process of laser butt welding of zinc-coated steel (SGCD3 and WLZn) blanks was presented, whose edges were prepared by laser cutting. The properties of the butt joints, such as tensile strength, bending, stamping, weld shape, and corrosion-resistant were tested. The experiments of laser cutting and welding were carried out on a custom-made system designed, which is a set of equipment for wide sheet butt welding based on a laser cutting-welding combination process. The experiments proved the technological feasibility of laser butt welding for thin zinc coated steel sheets whose edges were prepared by laser cutting on the same equipment.

High-energy ball milling has a great influence on the temperature characters of synthetic reaction in Al−TiO₂−C system by changing the size, distribution state and wet ability of reactants. Reaction temperature characters (reaction ignition time, ignition temperature time, the maximum temperature and temperature rising rate) were changed by different milling time. The longer the milling time, the earlier the reaction, the quicker the temperature rise and the higher the maximum temperature. When the milling time exceeded10 hours, the reactivity of reactants was so high that the synthetic reaction could take place at 850°C directly without a long time pretreatment at 670°C. The microstructure of synthetic composites became uniform and the reinforced particles (TiC and α-Al₂O₃) became fine with milling time increasing.

The matching performance among the visible and near infrared coating, the low infrared emitting coating and the microwave absorbing coating was investigated. Experimental results show that the resulting material is characteristic of wideband effect ranging from the visible, near infrared and 3–5 μm, 8–14 μm infrared portion of the spectrum, as well as the radar region from 8 to 18 GHz when these three materials form a layer-structure material system. The microwave absorbing ability of material is hardly changed. The resonance peak moves towards lower frequency as the thickness of the visible, near infrared coating and the low infrared emitting coating increases. This problem can be resolved by controlling the thickness of the material. On the other hand, the infrared emissivity ɛ of the material system increases as the thickness of the visible, near infrared coating increases. This can be resolved by increasing infrared transparency of the visible and near infrared topcoating or controlling its thickness. The experimental resulting material system has spectral reflection characteristics in visible and near infrared regions that are similar to those of the natural background.

A new three-phase PZT/C/PVC composite comprising PZT (50vol%), nanocrystalline PVC (50 vol%) and a small volume fraction f of carbon black (C) was prepared by the hot-pressing technique. The dielectric property of the composite as a function of the frequency and the dielectric and piezoelectric properties as a function of the volume fraction f of C were studied. The measured dielectric property demonstrates that a percolation transition occurs in the three phase composites as in normal two-phase metal-insulator continuum media. The dielectric constant varies slightly with f at f<0.1 and increases rapidly when f is close to the percolation threshold at 1 kHz. The optimum properties were obtained for f=0.5 before the percolation threshold in the PZT/C/PVC (50/f/(50−f) vol%) composite with its d₃₃(20 pC/N) being 50% higher than that of the PZT/PVC (50/ 50vol%), and its g₃₃ (47.23×10⁻³ Vm/N) and K_μ(0.25) much higher than the earlier reported values XRD patterns and P-E hysteresis loops were used to interpret the experimental results.

The possibility of curing of epoxy resin induced by femtosecond laser beam was explored through choosing different initiators. Absorption spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy (IR), stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were applied to analyze the structure of epoxy resin systems after irradiation with a femtosecond laser beam. The experimental results show that the epoxy resin systems containing diaryliodonium salts can be cured by irradiation of femtosecond laser pulse, while the systems containing benzoin can not be cured. It is found that diaryliodonium salts decompose under the irradiation of femtosecond laser pulse through multi (two)-photon absorption, initiating the ring-opening polymerization of epoxy resin. And the appearance of cured area has a sheet structure consisting of many tiny lamellar structures.

The electromagnetic-mechanical stirring technology was employed for preparing QTi4. 3–4 graghite composite slury, and QTi4. 3–4 graghite composite with uniform distribution of graphite particles was prepared using the semi-solid casting technology successfully. The structure of this QTi4. 3–4 graghite composite was studied and the condition for uniform distribution of graphite particles was got. The experimental results show that there exists a linear relationship between the solid fraction and the stirring temperature of QTi4. 3–4 graphite slurry. With the decreasing of stirring temperature, the solid fraction of QTi4. 3–4 graghite slurry increases constantly. In casting, with the increasing of solid fraction of QTi4. 3–4 graghite slurry, the agglomeration of graphite particles is removed gradually. When the solid fraction is higher than 40%, graphite particles can distribute evenly in QTi4. 3–4 graghite composite.

The cathode material LiCo_1−xLa_xO₂(x=0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.05) for Li-ion battery was prepared in solid phase. Effects of La dopant on the structure were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, and the morphology of the samples was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the structure of LiCoO₂ becomes more and more non-perfect with the increasing content of La and some impurity peaks appear in the XRD pattern when the La content reaches 0.05. Meanwhile, a high synthesis temperature is advantageous to the intact and unitary compound. The initial discharge capacity of doped material containing La (x=0.01) synthesized at 900 °C reaches 160 mAh/g by charge-discharge test, which prior to that of non-doped material synthesized under the same condition. However, the increasing La content deteriorates the cycling performance. Therefore, the appropriate content of La is 0.01 and the optimum synthesis temperature is 900°C.

A series of bulk polycrystalline La_1−xLi_xMnO₃ samples with x ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 was prepared by sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction patterns show that the crystal structures are single rhombohedral perovskite for the x≤0.3 sample and the impurity appears when x>0.3. Under the same synthesized conditions, the higher Li content samples display a higher content of liquid phase content and larger mean grain sizes, which leads to the increases of the effect of the grain boundaries. The experimental results show that the change of the ferromagnetic transition temperature and the resistivity can attribute to the effect of the grain boundary and the connectivity of the inter grains as well as the ratio of Mn³⁺ to Mn⁴⁺.

A carburized layer with special physical and chemical properties was formed on the surface of commercial purity titanium by a double glow plasma hydrogen-free carburizing technique. High-purity netlike solid graphite was used as a raw material and commercial purity titanium was used as the substrate material. Argon gas was used as the working gas. The carburized layer can be obviously observed under a microscope. X-ray diffraction indicates that TiC phase with higher hardness and dissociate state carbon phase was formed in the carburized layer. The glow discharge spectrum (GDS) analysis shows that the carbon concentration distributes gradiently along the depth of carburized layer. The surface hardness of the substrate increases obviously. The hardness distributes gradiently from the surface to inner of carburized layer. The friction coefficient reduces by more than 1/2, the ratio wear rate decreases by above three orders of magnitude. The wear resistance of the substrate material is improved consumedly.

La₂O₃ and SrO-doped CaO−MgO−Nb₂O₅−TiO₂ system ceramics were prepared by solid-state ceramic technique. The microstructure and microwave dielectric properties of CaO−MgO−Nb₂O₅−TiO₂−La₂O₃ ceramics can be adjusted by varying the amount of La³⁺ or Sr²⁺ ions respectively. The replacement of Ca²⁺ by La³⁺ at A-site of the ceramics increases the quality factor Q value (at 7.6 GHz) as well as the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency τ _f and decreases the dielectric constant ɛ, and the substitution of Sr²⁺ at A-site in this ceramics system exhibits opposite characteristics. The microwave properties of La³⁺, Sr²⁺-doped CaO−MgO−Nb₂O₅−TiO₂ system ceramics depend on the degree of octahedral distortion inside materials.

ZrB₂ ceramics were prepared by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) and were sintered by hot pressing (HP). The effects of the granularities and doses of raw materials in Zr−B₂O₃−Mg on SHS process and product were investigated. XRD and combustion temperature curves prove that the ideal SHS reactants of Zr−B₂O₃−Mg are 50 μm Zr powder, 75 μm B₂O₃ powder and 400 μm Mg powder with 45% excessive. The particle sizes of SHS product, acid-leached product, sintered product are 2–5 μm, 0.5–2 μm, 2–10 μm respectively. Chemical analysis indicates that the acid-leached product consists of ZrB₂ (94.59%), ZrO₂ (3.87%) and H₃BO₃ (1.54%). The sintered product has a relative density of 95.4%.

NiAl/Al₂O₃ composite were synthesized by thermite reaction of nickel oxide and aluminum powder mixtures. The phase, the microstructure of the composite, as well as the thermite reaction mechanism, were investigated by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The experimental results show that the thermite reaction leads to the interpenetrating network structure of NiAl/Al₂O₃ at 1223K for 60 min and the chemical reaction apparent activation energy is E_ap=166.960±13.496 kJ·mol⁻¹ in the NiO/Al system.

A four-function principle was proposed for the optimization design of green high performance massive concrete (GHPMC) based on the theory of value engineering and the adiabatic temperature change control. A set of concrete formulas were designed according to the orthogonal experiment. The experimental results were analyzed by applying the variance analysis method to find out the effects of influential factors and determine the optimum mixture formula. In addition, the four-function principle was successfully applied to optimize the mixture formula in field massive concrete engineering. The practical results show the adiabatic temperature change of massive concrete could be efficiently controlled, and the excellent durability, good workability and high compressive strength could be achieved.

A new group of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics, (Bi_0.5Na_0.5)_1−x(BaaSrb)_xTiO₃ (abbreviated as BNBST[100x−100a/100b], 0<x<1, a+b=1), was synthesized. The ceramics were prepared by conventional ceramic sintering technique, and the ceramics with density of 95% of the theoretical one can be sintered without the atmosphere control during the sintering process. The results of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) data show that the ceramics possess a single perovskite phase. The measurements of dielectric and piezoelectric properties reveal that the ceramics provide relatively high piezoelectric charge constant d₃₃ and high planar electromechanical coupling factor k_p. For the BNBST6-95/5 ceramics, d₃₃ is equal to 170pC/N, and k_p is equal to 32.0%. The fabrication technique for these ceramics is conventional and stable.

The effect of process parameters on the surface quality of single crystal copper ingot was studied through experiment with a self-designed horizontal heated mould continuous casting apparatus, and the mechanism was analyzed. The results show that the process parameters affect the surface quality of pure copper ingot by affecting the position of the liquid-solid interface in the mould. The position of the liquid-solid interface in the mould must be controlled carefully in an appropriate range determined through experiments in order to gain a single crystal copper ingot with a high surface quality.

An appropriate amount of toluene 2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) was added into polyether ([(CH₂ CH₂O)₁₃CH₂O]n)]Li salt electrolyte to form a cross-linked network, with improving the film processability and thermal stability. The relation between the structure and ionic conductive properties of the cross-lined polyether electrolytes was investigated by means of Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), mechanical property and AC impedance spectroscopy. The electrolytes system is found to have two glass transitions, and it is found that the two T_gs increase with increasing salt concentration. At the same Li salt concentration, the conductivity of cross-linked polyether/LiN(CF₃SO₂)₂ complex system is higher than that of LiClO₄. At EO/Li=25∶1(mol ratio), the former conductivity changes with temperature, while the later coincids with Arrhenius formula (σ=Ae^−EalRT). The cross-linked polyether/LiN(CF₃SO₂)₂ electrolyte exhibits the maximum σ=10^−4.75 S/cm at 30°C.

The synthesis process of organic montmorillonite was designed and some kinds of montmorillonite/ unsaturated polyester composites using different interlayer spacing montmorillonite were prepared. The interlayer spacing of montmorillonite was investigated by XRD and was increased to 3.98nm. The relationship between the four influential factors and the interlayer spacing were regressively analyzed and the mathematical model was established, and the result shows when the content of organic reagent was less than 70%, the relationship between the interlayer spacing and the content was linear as follows: interlayer spacing=1.771+2.828× concentration, the effect of the other factors was not significant. Additionally, the testing of mechanical properties of the composites showed the impact strength was improved by 217%, and the bending strength was improved by 355%, when using the montmorillonite (MMT) of the largest interlayer spacing (3.98 nm). The result of ESEM shows the interface is bonded well when the composite specimen contains the 3.98 nm MMT.

The setting chemistry of glass ionomer cement was investigated by using mechanical determination of compressive strength at predetermined intervals, and measurement of structure changes of corresponding fracture sample by means of IR spectra and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Zinc polycarboxylate cement was used as a comparison sample. The compressive strength of glass ionomer cement (GIC) increases with aging. IR spectra and DSC of corresponding fracture sample show the structure changes of the matrix and interface layer comprising of silica gel during the predetermined intervals studied, however, no significant changes occur in the zinc polycarxyolate cement. Hence the structure changes of the matrix and or interface layer are responsible for compressive strength increasing with aging. The structure changes include the crosslink density, the ratio of complex form to ionic form, the content ratio of Al-PAA to Ca-PAA, the forming and maturing process of the interface layer comprising of silica gel.

The influence of thaumasite formation on the performance of Portland-limestone cement concrete stored in magnesium sulfate solution was studied. The experimental results show that the deterioration of Portland-limestone cement concrete is higher than that of Portland cement concrete. The more the content of limestone, the more serious the deterioration of concrete, and also the lower the temperature, the earlier the deterioration of concrete. Thaumasite was detected to form in the Portland-limestone pastes when stored in 10wt% MgSO₄ solution at 3–10°C and it was easy to form at lower temperatures.

The stress-resistance relationship of carbon fiber cement was studied. Attention has been paid to explore the improvement of the stress-resistance sensitivity under cycled stress restriction. The prismy carbon fiber cement sensors were pre-fabricated. The factors such as contents of carbon fibers, silica fume, dispersant and the w/c were taken into account. The electrical resistance variations with the dynamic and static loads were simulated using a strain-controlled test machine. The test results show that there is an optimal fiber content, with which the compression-sensitivity achieves a high level. The addition of silica fume can improve the sensitivity. Under the optimal test conditions, the measured resistances can greatly correspond with the changes of the load.

The samples of the GeS₂−Ga₂S₃−CdS pseudo-ternary glassy system were prepared by conventional melt-quenching techniques. The microstructure of the GeS₂−Ga₂S₃−CdS glasses was analyzed thoroughly using Raman spectra and the relationships among the composition, microstructure and properties (such as thermal properties, densities, optical properties) were probed. The experimental results indicate that the GeS₂ acts as the network former, the Ga₂S₃ as the net intermediate, and the CdS as the net modifier. The GeS₂ and Ga₂S₃ exist in the form of [GeS_4/2], [GaS_4/2] tetrahedra or S₃ Ge(Ga)−(Ga)GeS₃ ethane-like units within the glassy network, and the addition of CdS mainly breaks the Ge(Ga)−(Ga) Ge bonds among the ethane-like units, leading to the formation of [GeS_4/2], [GaS_4/2] tetrahedra. The T_g and T_x have tight relations on the congregated degree of glassy network, however, λ _ris, n and d are hardly involved into the connectional dependence of the space arrangement.

The characteristic of autogenous shrinkage (AS) and its effect on high strength lightweight aggregate concrete (HSIAC) were studied. The experimental results show that the main shrinkage of high strength concrete is AS and the amount of cement can affect the AS of HSLAC remarkably. At the early stage the AS of HSIAC is lower than that of high strength normal concrete, but it has a large growth at the later stage. The AS of high strength normal concrete becomes stable at 90 d age, but HSIAC still has a high AS growth. It is found that adjusting the volume rate of lightweight aggregate, mixing with a proper dosage of fly ash and raising the water saturation degree of lightweight aggregate can markedly reduce the AS rate of HSIAC.

In order to study the relationship between thickness and residual stress in CaO−Al₂O₃−SiO₂ glass-ceramics. The residual stress was measured in CaO−Al₂O₃−SiO₂ system glass-ceramic with different thickness, and the formation mechanism and characterization of residual stress in CAS system Glass-ceramic were analyzed by the X-ray diffraction analysis. The experimental results show the compressive residual stress increases with thickness of glass-ceramic increasing.

The influences of the fiber volume fraction on the electrical conductivity and the fraction change of electrical resistance under three-point-bending test were discussed. It is found that the relationship between the electrical conductivity of composites and the fiber volume fraction can be explained by the percolation theory and the change of electrical resistance to the load for specimens with different fiber volume fractions are quite different, which provide an important guide for the manufacture of conductive and intrinsically smart carbon fiber composite.

Two iodo (phthalocyainato) indium complexes were synthesized and mixed with polymer solution (PMMA/chloroform) to prepare iodo (phthalocyainato) indium/PMMA compound film materials on a glass slice by the method of dipping film. Two materials have typical B-band and Q-band absorption of Phthalocyanine compounds in the UV-Vis spectrum. The reverse saturable absorption experiments show that two materials have better reverse saturable absorption properties while they have higher linear transmissivity. In addition, the highest transmitance of visible light is over 70% (tetrakis (cumylphenoxy) phthalocyainato indium/PMMA compound film material). The initial thresholds is 127.1 mJ/cm². The dynamic range is 1.43. It can be concluded that introduction of the substituted groups having bigger steric hindrance and conjugative effect in the Phthalocyanine ring may increase the reverse saturable absorption effect of the Phthalocyanine indium material.

A calibration test was done in order to measure its sensitivity coefficient by an improved soil test derice. The experimental result shows that the soil pressure min-sensor made of the monocrystalline silicon (SPM-MS) is proved to be good linear, high precision and less discrete that can fetch precise data in low pressure range even near by O point, which guarantees the reliability of the soil pressure test in geotechnical engineering.