Nanocrystalline ZrO₂ particulates with different sizes were prepared by precipitation method using ethanol as dispersive and protective reagent. XRD patterns show that the synthesized ZrO₂ is monoclinic in structure with space group P21/a when calcination temperature is in the range of 400–1000°C. It is found that the smaller the particle, the bigger the crystal lattice distortion, the worse the crystal growth, and the lower the diffraction intensity. TEM images reveal that ZrO₂ particles are spherical in shape, and the particle size distribution is in, narrow range. The mean sizes of the particles increase with the increase of calcination temperatures. It is first to observe the streaks of different crystallographic planes. Thermogravimetric analysis indicates that the crystallization temperature of ZrO₂ is 461.32°C. Measurement of ZrO₂ relative density shows that the relative density of nanocrystalline ZrO₂ powders increases with the increasing of ZrO₂ particle sizes.

Europium and terbium coordination polymers of pyridine-3-carboxylic acid were in-situ composed with ethyl methacrylate (EMA). With the polymerization of EMA monomer and the formation of europium and terbium coordination polymers of pyridine-3-carboxylic acid, the transparent hybrid thick films composed of [Eu(NIC)₃]_n ([Tb(NIC)₃]_n) and poly ethyl methacrylate (PEMA) have been prepared. The luminescence properties and energy transfer of these polymeric composites were studied with absorption spectra, fluorescent excitation and emission spectra in detail. All the hybrid thick films composed of terbium coordination polymer show the characteristic strong green emission of terbium ions, which implies the same energy transfer mechanism as the pure complex and the hybrid composite film is a suitable substrate for the luminescence of terbium ions. In the range of composing concentration of luminescent species (0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 mmol/15 mL EMA), emission intensities increase with the increasing of corresponding composing concentration and the concentration quenching effect does not take place.

Raman scattering measurement of (1−x) GeS_2−xGa₂S₃ system glasses was conducted in order to understand the microstructural change caused by the addition of Ga₂S₃. According to the change of Raman spectra with the addition of Ga₂S₃, two main structural transformations were deduced: the gradual enhancement of ethane-like structural units S₃Ge−GeS₃ (250 cm⁻¹) and S₃ Ga−GaS₃ (270 cm⁻¹) and the appearance of charge ambalanced units [Ga₂S₂(S_1/2)₄]²⁻ and [Ga(S_1/2)₄]⁻ And this change of structural aspect seems to give us a clue to understanding the cause of the increased rare-earth solubility.

A mechanical model of liquid crystals (LCs) was used to explain the phase formation and thermal properties. The LC phases in the model are micro-machine systems consisting of an ensemble of molecular rotors, and some dynamic parameters in a semi-experiment molecular orbit method. A novel explanation on the multi-phase formation of LC system is obtained. It is found that the value of the critical rotational velocity is a key parameter for the characterization of each homologous series. The dipole moment of the molecules was also discussed.

A new niobate Ba₆Mg_0.67Nb_9.33O₃₀ was synthesized in the BaO−MgO−Nb₂O₅ system by solid state reaction at 1350°C for 48 h. The structure and dielectric properties of Ba₆Mg_0.67Nb_9.33O₃₀ were determined by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and dielectric measurements. The results show that Ba₆Mg_0.67Nb_9.33O₃₀ belongs to ferroelectric phase of filled tetragonal tungsten bronze structure at room temperature with unit cell parameters: a=1.26052(4) nm, c=0.40045(2) nm, space group P4bm, calculated density 5.707 g·cm⁻³. Ba₆Mg_0.67Nb_9.33O₃₀ belongs to relaxor ferroelectrics undergoing diffusive phase transition, and the transition temperature (T_c) is 30°C observed at 10 kHz. At room temperature, Ba₆Mg_0.67Nb_9.33O₃₀ ceramic has a high dielectric constant 850 at 1 MHz and a low dielectric loss of 0.0052.

The syntheses of three nonlinear reverse saturation absorption compounds-Indanthrone and its two derivatives are discussed. The properties of nonlinear reverse saturable absorption of the compounds were studied by using the Z-scanning technique, and the influences of its conjugated structure, on the absorption threshold value and the absorbable light density were discussed based on the reverse saturation absorption principle. The results shows that when the structure’s conjugation property of Indanthrone and its derivatives becomes more powerful, its absorption threshold reduces, the light lowest transmittance increases.

Two nanomechanical properties of the molecular deposition (MD) film deposited on the Au substrate were studied. The first is its nanotribological property investigated by an atomic force microscope, which indicates that the deposition of the MD film could reduce the frictional force. The second is its nano-indent property studied by a nano-indenter. The results show that, after the MD film is deposited on the Au substrate, the elastic modulus, hardness and load decreased all, moreover, the elastic deformation increased and the plastic deformation decreased, which indicates that the MD film can improve the nanomechanical properties of the Au substrate.

Ultrasonic Assisted SILAR method (UA-SILAR) was developed and highly oriented ZnO films were deposited on the glass substrate by this novel technique. The crystallinity and microstructure of as-deposited ZnO films were analyzed by means of XRD and SEM. Moreover, the underling deposition mechanism of ZnO films was discussed. Results show that obtained ZnO films exhibit an excellent crystallinity with the preferential orientation of (002) plane. The crystalline grain of films is about 40nm in size, which is supported by both the Sherrer equation and the SEM result. However, the ZnO film is composed of numerous clustered particulates in the size of 200 to 300nm, and each particulate is the compact aggregation of smaller ZnO crystalline grains. It is speculated that the excellent crystallinity of ZnO films may chiefly originate from the cavatition effect of the ultrasonic rinsing process.

γ-Al₂O₃ membranes were successfully deposited on the top of porous α-Al₂O₃ support by sol-gel process and characterized by means of XRD, SEM, N₂ adsorption and gas permeation. The γ-Al₂O₃ membranes, free of pin-holes and cracks, adhere tightly to the supports and have a thickness of about 7 μm. When sintered at 400°C, γ-Al₂O₃ membranes have a narrow pore size distribution, with a pore diameter of 3.6nm, and the transport of both H₂ and CO₂ in supported γ-Al₂O₃ membrane is governed by Knudsen mechanism, with H₂ permeance of 3.3×10⁻⁶ molm⁻² Pa⁻¹ s⁻¹ and H₂/CO₂ permselectivity close to the ideal Knudsen value at 50°C. The γ-Al₂O₃ membranes are suitable for being used as the substrates of microporous membranes.

It is reported that nanoparticles can be applied as carriers and anti-cancer medicines. But the interaction of nanoparticles and cells is unclear. The purpose of this study was to discuss whether inorganic crystal nanoparticles can get through cells with intact crystal. BEL7402 hepatoma cells and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles were selected and incubated together in vitro. All specimens were prepared and observed under a transmission electron microscope (TEM). TiO₂ nanoparticles were found not in the nuclear area but in the cytoplasma. TiO₂ nanoparticles maintained the plate-like shape during absorbing. The result shows that hepatoma cells can endocytose the intact TiO₂ crystal nanoparticles. It implies that novel nano-effect plays an important role in the biomedicinal application of inorganic crystal nanoparticles.

The wettability in Ni/Ti(C, N) systems with various carbides additions was investigated by the sessile drop technique. The substrates prepared by HP at 2073 k for 1 h before and after wetting were characterized by XRD. The microstructure at metall ceramics interfaces was observed via SEM in a back scattered mode. Futhermore, an X-ray energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) attached to SEM was used to study the element diffusion in interfacial regions. The results reveal that reactive wetting takes place in the system in high temperature wetting procedure, which is controlled by diffusion and dissolution mechanism. Results also show that the contact angles decrease with various carbides additions, including WC, Mo₂C, TaC, NbC and VC, and decrease continuously with the increasing of additions. The order of the contact angles in Ni/Ti(C, N) systems with 10 wt% carbides additions is Mo₂C<TaC<WC<VC<NbC. The enhancement of the wettability is due to an alloying procedure during high temperature wetting when metallic atoms diffuse into Ni phase, which decreases the interfacial energy of Ni/Ti(C, N) systems.

The deformation behavior characteristics of 6063 aluminum alloy were studied experimentally by isothermal compression tests on a Gleeble-1500 thermal-mechanical simulator. Cylindrical specimens of 14mm in height and 10 mm in diameter were compressed dynamically at temperatures ranging from 473 to 723 K and at higher strain rates from 5 to 30s⁻¹. It is found that the flow curves not only depend on the strain rate and temperature but also on the dynamic recovery and recrystallization behavior. The results show that the flow stress decreased with the increase of temperature, while increased with the increase of strain rate. The discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX) may take place at a high strain rate of 20s⁻¹ under the tested conditions. At 30s⁻¹, the flow curve can exhibit flow softening due to the effect of temperature rise that raised the temperature by about 32 K in less than 0.05s.

This paper studied the thermal stresses of ceramic/metal gradient thermal barrier coating which combines the conceptions of ceramic thermal barrier coating (TBC) and functionally gradient material (FGM). Thermal stresses and residual thermal stresses were calculated by an ANSYS finite element analysis software. Negative thermal expansion coefficient method was proposed and element birth and death method was applied to analyze the residual thermal stresses which have non-uniform initial temperature field. The numerical results show a good agreement with the analytical results and the experimental results.

The relation among electronic structure, chemical bond and thermoelectric property of Ca₃ Co₂ O₆ and Ni-doped was studied by density function theory and discrete variation method (DFT-DVM). The results indicate that the highest valence band (HVB) and the lowest conduction, band(LCB) are mainly attributed to Co3d, Ni3d and O2p atomic orbitals. The property of a semiconductor is shown from the gap between HVB and LCB. The gap of Ni-doped one is less than that of Ca₃ Co₂ O₆. The non-metal bond or ceramic characteristic of Ni-doped one is weaker than that of Ca₃ Co₂ O₆, but the metal characteristics of Ni-doped one are stronger than those of Ca₃ Co₂ O₆. The thermoelectric property should be improved by adding Ni element into the system of Ca₃ Co₂ O₆.

SrBi₄Ti₄O₁₅ powder was synthesized by conventional solid state synthesis (CS) and molten salt synthesis (MSS). MSS method can synthesize plate-like SrBi₄Ti₄O₁₅ at lower temperature (900°C) than CS method. Plate-like form becomes more distinct when the synthesis temperature increases. This would help cause the grain orientation of the ceramics after sintering. The sintered samples of MSS had grain orientation at (0,0,10) plane. The degree of (0,0,10) grain orientation F was 62.1%. Hot pressing made (0,0,10) grain orientation more distinct (F=85.7%). The microstructures of the sintered samples were detected by SEM. Due to the grain orientation, the density of samples fabricated by MSS was lower than that of prepared by CS.

A new kind of environmental ceramics medium which was made of industrial solid wastes discharged by Shandong Alum Corporation has been used in the process of drinking water treatment. New techniques were introduced to ensure its remarkable advantages such as high porosity and strength. The results of practical application show that this sort of filter medium has shorter filtration run, shorter mature period and higher filter deposit capability compared with traditional sand filter medium. Moreover, up to 25%–30% of the daily running costs are expected to be reduced by using this ceramics medium.

Zeolite modified by lanthanum compounds would be an excellent water purification agent that can simultaneously remove both cations and anions in aqueous solution. For this purpose, a novel adsorbent was prepared by loading lanthanide on the zeolite, and the optimum manufacturing conditions were achieved. The concentration of the modifying solution was 0.5M, in which zeolites should be kept for 2 hours. The applicable solid/liquor ratio was 1∶25 at pH10, and the sample was sintered at 600°C for an hour. In addition, the adsorption capacity of modified zeolite for removing different anions from aqueous solution and its regeneration were also investigated. The results indicate that high performances of the novel adsorbent make it possible to be manufactured in industry.

The microstructures of the nanocrystalline surface layer of a quenched and high temperature tempered 0.4C-1Cr steel induced by high-power surface processing (HPSP) technique were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that a nanocrystalline layer was fabricated on the surface of the steel by using HPSP treatment. The mean grain size in the surface layer is about 11 nm. The nanocrystallization of cementite is prior to that of the matrix phase, ferrite.

A numerical model was proposed to simulate the capillary micro-flow through a fiber bundle. The capillary pressure was predicted by the Young-Laplace equation and the corresponding optimal values of permeability were found by a trial-and-error method. The empirical Kozeny constants which are dependent on fiber volume fraction were recommended for the prediction of permeability.

The raw materials of Al, Si, SiO₂, and SiC were used to prepare Sialon-SiC suspension for gelcasting by adjusting the pH value and content of SiC particle and controlling the milling time. The result shows that the stable suspension for gelcasting could be got by adding 40wt% SiC particle at pH=8. Al would easily hydrolyze to deteriorate the suspension when the milling time was too long, so the optimum milling time should be less than 100 minutes. At last, a well-dispersed suspension with a viscosity of less than 0.32 Pa·s was obtained and the solid loading was 54vol%.

The low velocity impact responses of shape memory alloy (SMA) reinforced composite beams were analyzed by employing the finite element method. The finite element dynamic equation was solved by the Neumark direct integration method, the impact contact force was determined using the Hertzian contact law, and the influence of SMA fibers on stiffness matrix is studied. Numerical results show that the SMA fibers can effectively improve the low velocity impact response property of composite beam.

The objective of this study was to determine the overall thermal elastic behavior of composites by homogenization method. The results obtained were compared with those by other well-known methods such as mean field method, self-consistent method and etc. A good agreement is achieved and thus a reliable method for predicting the effective behavior of composite is presented. It is very easy to extend this method to multi-phase composite. The material properties determined here include elastic modulus, Poisson ratio and thermal expansion coefficient (CTE).

A microwave-assisted heating approach was developed to fabricate SnO₂·TiO₂ nano-composite in an aqueous solution of sulphuric acid in the presence of SnO₂ nano-powder and titanium sulfate. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern indicates that the products were a composite with both of anatase-type TiO₂ and tetrahedral SnO₂. The products were also characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The photo-catalytic property of the as-prepared sample has also been studied. The result indicates that the as-prepared sample is a good photo-catalyst.

After diffusion processing of thermal spraying, aluminum on 20^# steel is discussed in this article. Variations of microstructure, composition as well as microhardness and corrosion resistance of diffusion layer of spray aluminum were explored by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The result shows that the diffusion layer of spray aluminum consists of η phase (Fe₂Al₅), ζ phase(FeAl₂), β₂ phase (FeA₁), β₁ phase (Fe₃Al) and a phase from surface to substrate. There are balanced transitions between phases. The layer has extra high hardness and corrosion resistance.

The density of molten Ni-W alloys was measured with a modified pycnometric method. It is found that the density of the molten Ni-W alloys decreases with temperature rising, but increases with the increase of tungsten concentration in the alloys. The molar volume of molten Ni-W binary alloys increases with the increase of temperature and tungsten concentration. The partial molar volume of tungsten in liquid Ni-W binary alloy has been calculated approximately as (−1.59+5.64×10⁻³T)×10⁻⁶m³·mol⁻¹.

A new type of high water content material which is made up of two pastes is prepared, one is made from line and gypsum, and another is based on Ba-bearing sulphoaluminate cement. It has excellent properties such as slow single paste solidifing, fast double pates solidifing, fast coagulating and hardening, high early strength, good suspension property at high WIC ratio and low cost. Meanwhile, the properties and hydration mechanism of the material were analyzed by using XRD, DTA-TG and SEM. The hydrated products of new type of high water content material are Ba-bearing ettringite, BaSO₄, aluminum gel and C-S-H gel.

In order to quantify the development of the tensile stresses and obtain a reliable estimation of the cracking risk, the concrete was subjected to restrained conditions. The fully restrained condition was achieved by keeping the length constant of a concrete specimen. Comparing the free shrinkage with the restrained shrinkage, tensile creep could be discriminated from shrinkage. The testing method was introduced in details, and the mechanical behaviors under tensile load were analyzed. Results show that concrete exhibits a pronounced viscoelasticity. Under restrained condition, the self-induced tensile stress increases with time. The lower the water to cement ratio, the larger the tensile stress at the same age. The tensile creep of hardening concrete is much larger than that of hardened concrete. The relationships among autogenous shrinkage under free condition, elastic strain and crep under restrained condition are described, and the mathematical model for the calculation of elastic strain and creep is proposed.

Four polycarboxylate-type (PC) superplasticizers of different functional groups were used; their dispersing and retaining behaviors were analyzed through ZETA potential measurement, mini-slump test of cement paste and performance test of concrete. The experimental results show that the dispersing and flow-retaining ability of PC was determined by two factors of anionic groups and nonionic groups: the density of anionic groups −COO⁻ or−SO₃ ⁼ acted on the electronic repulsive force, and the length and proportion of nonionic graft groups of PEO in PC chemical structure affected the steric effect. The compatibility between PC superplasticizers and cement mainly dependent on the type of PEO groups; furthermore, adding mineral powders is good to the compatibility for high performance concretes (HPCs).

According to the life cycle assessment and the environmental design method of industry production, a quantitative assessment model for the embodied environmental impact of concrete with or without fly ash was proposed. The environmental burden impact indicator (EBII), the resources depletion impact indicator (RDII), and the environmental impact comprehensive indicator (EICI) are defined. The specific environmental impact values of different grade concretes with or without fly ash were presented. In the embodied process of concrete with or without fly ash, the key potential environmental impact categories are global warming and dust emission, and it is an effective way for reducing the embodied environmental impact of concrete to mix fly ash and lower grade cement. The method presented in this paper makes it possible to quantitatively assess the embodied environmental impact of concrete with or without fly ash. The results calculated in this paper can be used to quantitatively assess the life cycle environmental impact of construction materials and buildings.

An experimental study on performance of plain concrete under triaxial constant-amplitude and variable-amplitude tension-compression cyclic loadings was carried out. The low level of the cyclic stress is 0.2f_c and the upper level ranges between 0.20f_c and 0.55f_c, while the constant lateral pressure is 0.3f_c. The specimen failure mode, the three-stage evolution rule of the longitudinal strains and the damage evolution law under cyclic loading were analyzed. Furthermore, Miner’s rule is proved not to be applicable to the cyclic loading conditions, hereby, a nonlinear cumulative damage model was established. Based on the model the remaining fatigue life was evaluated. The comparison with the experiment results shows that the model is of better precision and applicability.

To accelerate the early strength of line-flyash stabilized soil for extending its further uses in highway and shortening highway construction time, five kinds of chemical additives were chosen on the basis of mechanism analysis of accelerating early strength in highway as a semi-rigid base material, and a series of experiments about the effect of different kinds of additives and quantity on the early strength of the stabilized soil were tested. The results show that chemical additives can efficiently improve the early strength of lime-flyash stabilized soil both the 7d and 28d, and the optimum quantity for above chemical additive is 1.5%–2.5% approximately. Some suggestions for the practical construction were also proposed.

In order to seek the creep change rules of used concrete with two different mix proportions, the test is carried out in the situation which is similar to that of the creation of concrete C60, and the creep test on the concrete of two different mix proportions is done under standard lab. Based on creep test of the high performance concrete, the creep degree and the creep coefficient are obtained. By comparing with the wide-adopted models of ACI209 (1997) and CEB-FIP MC90, it is found that the test result is good at its regularity and the research results offer reference to the calculating analysis of the on-the-spot experimental data.

The effect of rare-earth and HX addition agent on the burn-ability of silicate cement clinker was investigated by orthogonal experiment. The result shows, compared with blank sample, f-CaO of the samples added with rare-earth and HX agent drops by 84.95%, its 3d and 28d comprssive strength enhances by 24.40% and 16.90%, respectively. It was discovered by means of X-ray diffraction and high temperature microscope analysis that sintering temperature of the sample added with rare-earth and HX addition agent is about 1320°C. At the same time, the burning temperature of tricalcium silicate desends and its crystal growth forming-rate increases. Tricalcium silicate content in burning clinker is higher and its crystal is larger.

The computer auxiliary partial least squares is introduced to simultaneously determine the contents of Deoxyschizandin, Schisandrin, γ-Schisandrin in the extracted solution of wuweizi. Regression analysis of the experimental results shows that the average recovery of each component is all in the range from 98.9% to 110.3%, which means the partial least squares regression spectrophotometry can circumvent the overlapping of absorption spectrums of multi-components, so that satisfactory results can be obtained without any sample pre-separation.