Sulfate and nitrate reducing bacteria are important culprits for microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) using sulfate and nitrate as electron acceptors, respectively. Sulfate and nitrate hold different standard electrode potentials, which may lead to differences in corrosion, but their effects on corrosion by the same bacteria have not been reported. The corrosion of Q235 steel affected by Pseudodesulfovibrio cashew (P. cashew) in the sulfate and nitrate media under carbon starvation was studied. It was found that sulfate and nitrate did not lead to differences in corrosion under abiotic conditions. However, P. cashew promoted corrosion in both cases, and the consumption of H₂ was the main mechanism for MIC. In addition, corrosion was more severe in the sulfate media. The higher corrosivity of P. cashew with sulfate as the electron acceptor is closely related to the higher number of sessile cells in the biofilm, higher bacterial motility, more hydrogen production pathways, and the increased gene expression of enzymes related to energy synthesis.

Corrosion caused by sulfate-reducing prokaryotes (SRP) is an important cause of magnesium alloy anode failure in oil pipeline. In this study, the effects of Desulfovibrio sp. HQM3 on the corrosion behavior of AZ31B magnesium alloy anode in organic carbon sources with different contents in simulated tidal flat environment were analyzed using weight loss test, surface analysis and electrochemical analysis technologies. The results showed that the weight loss rate of coupons in low carbon sources contents (0%, 1%, 10%) was higher than that in 100% carbon sources. Electrochemical analyses showed that the corrosion current density (J _corr) under low carbon sources contents was larger, while the charge transfer resistance (R _ct) was lower, leading to a higher corrosion rate compared to those under 100% carbon sources content. Observations from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) revealed more severe pitting corrosion on the alloy surface in the absence of carbon sources. In addition, a large number of nanowires were observed between bacteria on the alloy surface using SEM. Combined with thermodynamic calculations, it was demonstrated that the corrosion of coupons by Desulfovibrio sp. HQM3 in the absence of carbon sources was achieved through extracellular electron transfer.

Copper-nickel alloys can suffer severe localized corrosion in marine environments containing sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), but the effect of SRB on the under-deposit corrosion of copper-nickel alloys is unknown. In this work, the corrosion behavior of B10 copper-nickel alloy beneath a deposit caused by SRB with carbon source starvation in artificial seawater was studied based on electrochemical measurements and surface analysis. Results demonstrate that SRB with an organic carbon starvation can survive in artificial water but most SRB cells have died. The survived SRB cells can attach to the bare and deposit-covered B10 copper-nickel alloy, leading to the corrosion acceleration. Due to the limitation of organic carbon source, the pitting corrosion of B10 copper-nickel alloy caused by SRB is not serious. However, serious pitting corrosion of the deposit-covered B10 copper-nickel alloy can be found both in abiotic and biotic conditions, and the pitting corrosion and uniform corrosion are further accelerated by SRB. There is a galvanic effect between the bare and deposit-covered specimens in the presence of SRB in the early stage but the galvanic effect after 5 d of testing can be neglected due to the low OCP difference values.

The chemical compound 3-(N-ethylamino)isobutyl)trimethoxysilane (EAMS) modified titanium dioxide (TiO₂), producing EAMS-TiO₂, which was encased in graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) and integrated into epoxy resin (EP). The protective properties of mild steel coated with this nanocomposite in a marine environment were assessed using electrochemical techniques. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Cone calorimetry tests demonstrated that GCN/EAMS-TiO₂ significantly enhanced the flame retardancy of the epoxy coating, reducing peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) values by 88% and 70%, respectively, compared to pure EP. Salt spray tests indicated reduced water absorption and improved corrosion resistance. The optimal concentration of 0.6 wt% GCN-EAMS/TiO₂ yielded the highest resistance, with the nanocomposite achieving a coating resistance of 7.50×10¹⁰ Ω·cm² after 28 d in seawater. The surface resistance of EP-GCN/EAMS-TiO₂ was over 99.9 times higher than pure EP after one hour in seawater. SECM analysis showed the lowest ferrous ion dissipation (1.0 nA) for EP-GCN/EAMS-TiO₂ coated steel. FE-SEM and EDX analyses revealed improved breakdown products and a durable inert nanolayered covering. The nanocomposite exhibited excellent water resistance (water contact angle of 167°) and strong mechanical properties, with adhesive strength increasing to 18.3 MPa after 28 d in seawater. EP-GCN/EAMS-TiO₂ shows potential as a coating material for the shipping industry.

The corrosion behavior of the acidophilic sulfur-oxidizing microorganism (ASOM) Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans (A. thiooxidans) on mortar was investigated for changes of medium and mortar, as well as for weight loss and surface morphology of mortar specimens. Weight loss analysis showed that mortar weight was reduced by (15.1± 2.2)% after 56 d. Morphological surface analysis of mortar specimens showed weakly structured fibrous substances with 2–100 µm in size. The pH variations of the mortar surface and medium indicated that biogenic sulfuric acid had been produced by A. thiooxidans. The results prove that A. thiooxidans accelerated concrete corrosion and caused concrete failure.

In this manuscript, the neat epoxy (EP) and functionalized Fe₃O₄ (G-Fe₃O₄) reinforced epoxy (G-Fe₃O₄/EP) coatings were cured under different temperatures, and the effect of the low curing temperature on the anticorrosion performance was investigated. The experimental results show that the epoxy-amine ring-open addition reaction mainly exists in the curing process, and the activation energies of the reaction for the two coatings are 55.84 and 53.29 kJ/mol, respectively. For the coatings cured at the low temperature, almost no pores could be detected on the fracture surface, but the presentence of the rough regions reflects the poor curing state. As compared with the samples cured at the high temperature, the anticorrosion performance of the coatings with the low curing temperature is worse, and the decrease rate of the anticorrosion performance is slower, because of the poor curing state and low adhesion obtained at the low temperature.

Herein, a novel composite coating with excellent self-healing and corrosion resistance activated by photothermal responsive hollow core-shell nanofillers was developed. A photothermal nanofiller (Co₉S₈@Bi₂S₃) with a hollow core-shell structure was synthesized and then added to polyurethane (PU) to prepare PU-Co₉S₈@Bi₂S₃ composite coating. Applying 808 nm near-infrared irradiation induces a photothermal effect in Co₉S₈@Bi₂S₃, which subsequently initiates the reconstruction of reversible hydrogen bonds, facilitating the self-healing of coating scratches. The excellent photothermal self-healing performance of PU-Co₉S₈@Bi₂S₃ coating was demonstrated by scratch tests and molecular dynamics simulations. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test results showed that the PU-Co₉S₈@Bi₂S₃ coating has good self-healing and anti-corrosion properties. The low-frequency impedance modulus of the coating after three self-healing sessions was still close to 10⁹ Ω·cm² after 30 d of immersion in seawater. This study provides a new strategy for developing multi-cycle self-healing coatings triggered by photothermal effects.

In this paper, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM]BF₄) is used as corrosion inhibitor. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is used to load the corrosion inhibitor. PAN/[BMIM]BF₄ hybrid nanofibers are successfully synthesized by electrospinning technology. The alkyd varnish is coated on the fiber membrane to prepare a composite coating, and then a series of tests are carried out on the self-healing and anticorrosive performance of the composite coating. It is observed by scanning electron microscope that the fiber morphology is stable and there is no bead-like structure. The composition of the composite fiber is analyzed by Fourier infrared spectroscopy, and it is confirmed that the hybrid nanofiber was successfully prepared. 3D laser confocal scanning microscope was used to observe the corrosion morphology and profile of the carbon steel. The composite coating shows good self-healing performance. [BMIM]BF₄ can form a protective film on the surface of the bare carbon steel substrate through physical adsorption or chemical adsorption in an alkaline environment. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was tested and analyzed. It is found that the maximum corrosion inhibition efficiency of the coating is 88.5% in 3.5 wt.% alkaline NaCl solution. Compared with the blank coating without nanofibers, the composite fiber varnish composite coating exhibits good self-healing and anti-corrosion properties.

Microarc oxidation is an effective surface treatment for improving certain properties of metals and their alloys. In this paper, TiO₂/Cu₂O and TiO₂/Cu₂O@CeO₂ coatings were prepared on Ti-6Al-4V by microarc oxidation. The coatings exhibited good corrosion resistance and antimicrobial properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and 3D laser confocal were used to characterize the coatings. The properties of TiO₂/Cu₂O and TiO₂/Cu₂O@CeO₂ coatings were analyzed, including microstructure, surface roughness, corrosion resistance, and antimicrobial properties. The electrochemical results showed that the coatings prepared by microarc oxidation had enhanced corrosion resistance compared to the substrate. The antibacterial properties of TiO₂/Cu₂O and TiO₂/Cu₂O@CeO₂ coating against Pseudomonas aeruginosa were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and plate counting. The antibacterial rate of TiO₂/Cu₂O@CeO₂ coating was up to 99.70%. In summary, the TiO₂/Cu₂O and TiO₂/Cu₂O@CeO₂ coatings prepared by microarc oxidation have a potential application background in the field of marine corrosion protection and biofouling.

The process of preparing anodic oxide film containing active sites and electroless nickel plating on highly active rare earth magnesium alloy was developed. The formation mechanism of electroless nickel plating on active anodic oxide film and the structure and properties of the composite coating were studied by several surface and electrochemical techniques. The results showed that Ag nanograins with an average size of 10 nm were embedded into the anodic oxide film with pores of 0.1–2 µm. Ag nanoparticles provided a catalytic site for the deposition of Ni-B alloy, and the Ni crystal nucleus was first grown in horizontal mode and then in cylindrical mode. The corrosion potential of the composite coating increased by 1.37 V and the corrosion current reduced two orders of magnitude due to the subsequent deposition of Ni-P alloy. The high corrosion resistance was attributed to the misaligning of these micro defects in the three different layers and the amorphous structure of the Ni-P alloy in the outer layer. These findings provide a new idea for electroless nickel plating on anodic oxide film.

An active protection coating for pH-responsive was prepared. The hollow mesoporous silica microspheres (HMSNs) were loaded with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), and then they were coated with chitosan (CS). The composite microspheres were in the range of 650–750 nm in diameter. CS-HMSN-MBT coating had a faster repair rate under acidic conditions by synergistic effect between CS and MBT. The repair rate under alkaline conditions was slowed down. The active protection performance reached the strongest after 3 d immersion. The corrosion inhibitor release mechanism was optimized to extend the service life of the coating and to achieve long-term service of the copper substrate.

Corrosion has always been a difficult problem that troubles and restricts the application and development of engineering materials. By endowing coatings on metal surfaces with polymer material, it is possible to protect other materials from factors including acid and alkali, water vapor, bacteria. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize the research progress of polymer materials in the field of pollution and corrosion prevention in recent years. This article summarizes four types of polymer materials with good weather resistance: polyurethane (PU), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC). These four polymer materials are suitable for making polymer anti-corrosion or anti-fouling materials and each has its own characteristics. PU can firmly adhere to various substrates, effectively protecting and extending their lifespan, but the environmentally friendly varieties currently used, namely water-borne polyurethanes (WPU), generally have poor mechanical properties. PDMS is non-toxic and has excellent hydrophobicity, but its static anti-fouling ability is insufficient when applied in the field of anti-fouling. PVDF has good chemical resistance and high mechanical properties, good UV resistance making it suitable for outdoor use like in the marine environment. However, PVDF lacks flexibility after molding and its manufacturing cost is relatively high. PVDC has excellent water vapor barrier properties, but poor adhesion to metal material surfaces. Therefore, researchers need to modify these four polymers when using them to solve the problem of corrosion or biofouling. The article will review the research progress of four types of polymers in recent years from the perspectives of anti-corrosion, anti-fouling, and a strategy named as self-healing that is beneficial for protecting polymer surfaces from mechanical damage, and summarize the modification methods adopted by researchers when applying these materials. Finally, a summary of the application and the prospects of these polymer materials are presented.

Urea, paracetamol and glutamine (based on the expired drugs) were selected as vapor-phase corrosion inhibitors (VCIs) to study their corrosion protection effect on red copper in simulated marine atmospheric environment by using weight loss, electrochemical measurement techniques (specially designed electrochemical testing device for simulating marine atmospheric environments) and surface morphology characterization analysis (SEM/EDS, XRD, RAMAN, XPS). Weight loss results show that the three corrosion inhibitors have good corrosion inhibition effect on red copper, and the corrosion inhibition efficiency in the order of glutamine (83.62%)>urea (68.46%)>paracetamol (61.47%). Surface morphology characterization analysis provides evidence of adsorption of corrosion inhibitors molecules on the red copper surface, thus forming a protective film that blocked the red copper surface from the aggressive chloride ion attack.

A new type of photoelectrochemical cathodic protection technology (a combination of seawater corrosion and biological fouling resistance) is being actively researched to alleviate the serious corrosion of marine metal materials. At present, there is almost no research on anti-corrosion and anti-fouling dual functional materials. In this paper, Cu₂ZnSnS₄ is attached to the surface of TiO₂ nanotubes through a one-step hydrothermal method for modification. The results indicate that when the hydrothermal reaction time is 24 h, Cu₂ZnSnS₄/TiO₂ nanocomposite material exhibits excellent performance in coupling with the protected 304 SS, with its open circuit potential shifts negatively to −1.04 V. This material improves the separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and effectively improves the photochemical cathodic protection of 304 stainless steel. The high removal rate of Staphylococcus aureus (up to 93%) of the as-prepared samples also proved that it has the effect of the anti-biological fouling.

Square piles of reinforced concrete (RC) in marine environments are susceptible to chloride-induced corrosion. A novel reverse-seepage technique (RST) is applied to square piles to block the intrusion of chlorides. This research introduces a computational model designed to predict the lifespan of corrosion initiation in reinforced concrete square piles when applied reverse-seepage pressure. The model considers the impacts of chloride binding and the triple time-dependence property among the permeability, the corrected surface chloride concentration, and the diffusion coefficient. The proposed numerical model is solved using the alternating direction implicit (ADI) approach, and its accuracy and reliability are evaluated by contrasting the computational outcomes with the analytical solution and experimental results. Furthermore, the primary factors contributing to the corrosion of reinforced concrete square piles are analyzed. The results indicate that applying RST can decrease the chloride penetration depth and prolong the lifespan of corrosion initiation in square piles. The water-cement ratio and reverse seepage pressure are the most influential factors. A water pressure of 0.4 MPa can double the life of concrete, and the durable life of concrete with a water-cement ratio of 0.3 can reach 100 years.

The study systematically investigated the impact of zinc sacrificial anode (Zn-SA) cathode protection on the corrosion of X80 steel caused by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (D. desulfuricans) in a marine tidal environment. Utilizing weight-loss analysis, electrochemical measurements, Raman spectroscopy, and 3D morphology microscopy, the research unveiled significant findings. Unprotected steel suffered pronounced localized corrosion in the presence of D. desulfuricans in the marine tidal environment. However, the implementation of Zn-SA cathode protection notably reduced the activity of both planktonic and sessile D. desulfuricans cells. Over time, the accumulation of calcareous deposits within the corrosion products increased, as evidenced by a rise in the resistance of the corrosion produt film (R _f). Remarkably, Zn-SA cathode protection demonstrated substantial inhibition of the steel’s corrosion rate, albeit exhibiting reduced efficiency as the vertical height of the steel within the tidal environment increased.

The effects of Ti-Mo-V composite addition on the evolution of precipitates in marine 10Ni5CrMoV steel and the corresponding strength and toughness mechanisms were systematically investigated. Ti-Mo-V composite addition can form the Ti_xMo_yV_zC carbide with TiC as core and Mo-V as shell in the order of Ti(C)→V→Mo. The yield strength of the specimens is increased from 815 MPa to 876 MPa due to the nanoscale precipitates enhancing the pinning effect on grain boundaries and dislocations, and the contribution of precipitation and dislocation strengthening is increased. The decrease of ductile-brittle transition temperature from −103 to −116 °C is attributed to the decrease in equivalent grain size and the increase of high-angle grain boundary misorientation, which hinders the initiation and propagation of cracks. When the mass fraction of Ti is 0.05%, the strength and cryogenic toughness can be improved synergistically, which also provides a theoretical basis and experimental reference for exploring the more excellent combination of strength and cryogenic toughness of marine 10Ni5CrMoV steel.

Li-B alloy is expected to meet the expanding demands of energy storage, primarily driven by their high energy density and structural stability. The fibrous porous skeleton can increase the electrochemical active area and reduce the local current density, therefore diminishing the lithium dendrites. In this study, we prepared Li-B alloys with different lithium contents and examined the impact of lithium content on the structure and electrochemical properties of Li-B alloys. With the increase of lithium content, the spacing between the skeleton of the Li-B alloys increases. The lithium deposition on the top of the skeleton decreases, leading to thinner SEI, and lower polarization. The Li-B alloy with the highest lithium content (64 wt.% lithium content) in the symmetric battery exhibits the longest cycle time, lasting over 140 h at 1 mA/cm² and 0.5 mA·h/cm², with a minimal overpotential of 0.08 V. When paired with LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂, the full battery has the highest specific discharge capacity and the best rate capacity.

Spent fuel reprocessing plays a pivotal role in achieving efficient recycling of nuclear fuel. Among the different forms of failure encountered in spent fuel reprocessing, tribocorrosion stands out as a critical concern. Herein, the tribocorrosion behavior, as well as the corrosion behavior, of 304L stainless steel (SS) in high-temperature concentrated nitric acid was investigated. The results indicated that 304L SS formed a thin (1.54 nm) and stable passive film on the surface, imparting high resistance to nitric acid corrosion. Meanwhile, it was found that the synergistic effect between corrosion and wear accounted for a high total tribocorrosion weight loss of over 85%, implying the dominant role of the synergistic effect in the tribocorrosion process. Furthermore, the wear of 304L SS in deionized water revealed both abrasive and adhesive wear characterizations, whereas the tribocorrosion in nitric acid only exhibited abrasive wear feature. Eventually, the tribocorrosion and corrosion models of 304L SS in hot concentrated nitric acid were proposed based on the comprehensive experimental findings.

The influence of oxygen vacancy-dominated carrier mobility on the performance of memristors has attracted considerable attention. The device’s carrier mobility can be significantly improved by forming a nano-multilayered heterostructure when the individual layer thickness is below a critical value. In this work, Pt/[ZrO₂: Y₂O₃ (YSZ)/SrTiO₃ (STO)] _n/Nb:SrTiO₃ (NSTO) memristive devices were configurated through laser pulse deposited YSZ/STO nano-multilayered active layer with both Pt and NSTO acting as top and counter electrodes. Specifically, the Pt/[YSZ/STO]₅/NSTO device with five consecutive layers of YSZ/STO thin film shows superior memristor performance, and its corresponding carrier mobility presents a significantly enhanced value compared to that of other periodic numbers of YSZ/STO composed memristive devices. This can be attributed to the increase of oxygen vacancy concentration in the device, as evidenced by both experimental results and theoretical analysis. This work provides a significant approach in improving the performance of memristor dominated by oxygen vacancy transporting mechanism.

A surface Ti-WC composite was fabricated on CP-Ti by surface friction stirring (SFS) using a pinless WC-Co tool at a processing window of 800–2500 r/min and 8–50 mm/min. At 1600 r/min-50 mm/min, a defect-free composite layer with an average hardness of ∼ HV 1170 is formed. The hardness was increased by WC and TiN reinforcing particles, dissolved Co atoms in Ti, and the formation of ultrafine grains. WC particles were incorporated into the Ti substrate owing to the intense fractional interaction/heating at the tool-plate interface (∼1000 °C), which led to strength loss and wear of the tool. The Williamson-Hall analysis of the XRD peaks of the SFSed sample confirmed a significantly small crystallite size (∼100 nm). Wear tests showed that the wear resistance of the composite structure was about 4.5 times higher than that of the CP-Ti. Friction analysis revealed a significant reduction in average value and fluctuations of the friction coefficient.

The effect of Ti addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of Zn-22Al eutectoid alloy with 0.15 wt% Ti was investigated. It was observed that the presence of Ti changes the morphology of η phase in the alloy. Addition of Ti to Zn-Al alloy caused the formation of Ti(Zn,Al)₃ phase. Before applying equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), two times of homogenization treatment were conducted on the alloy. After secondary homogenization, the microstructure consisted of a homogeneous and fine mixture of α and η phases and the as-cast lamellar structure removed. After homogenization, ECAP was carried out on Ti-containing Zn-22Al alloy. The fraction of high angle grain boundaries increased with increasing the number of ECAP passes. The average grain size reduced from 930 nm after secondary homogenization to 380 nm after 8 passes of ECAP. The texture of the alloy also changed by applying ECAP. Maximum elongation to failure of the homogenized alloy was 135% at a strain rate of 10⁻⁵ s⁻¹ which enhanced to a maximum of 405% at a strain rate of 10⁻³ s⁻¹ after 8 passes of ECAP. It was also observed that by conducting ECAP and increasing the number of passes the hardness decreases, which indicates work-softening behavior due to dynamic recovery/recrystallization.

The heat transfer between two corresponding plates, disks, and concentric pipes has many applications, including water cleansing and lubrication. Furthermore, TiO₂-water-based nanofluids are used widely because it is useful for operating and controlling the temperature, especially in photovoltaic technology and solar panels. Motivated by these applications, the current study is based on the nanoparticle aggregation effect on magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow via rotating parallel plates with the chemical reaction. To achieve maximum heat transportation, the Bruggeman model is used to adapt the Maxwell model. Also, melting and thermal radiation effects are considered in the modeling to discuss heat transport. The Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg 4th–5th order method is used to attain numerical solutions. The main focus of this study is to see the thermodynamic behavior considering several aspects of nanoparticle aggregation. The heat transfer rate between the parallel plates is enhanced by improving the thermophoresis, radiation, and Brownian motion parameters. The rise in Schmidt number and chemical reaction rate parameter decreases the concentration distribution. This study will be helpful in enhancing the thermal efficiency of photovoltaic technology in solar plates, water purifying, thermal management of electronic devices, designing effective cooling systems, and other sustainable technologies.

The reduced ability of fatty acids to dissolve and disperse at low temperatures limits their effectiveness in winter applications. In this study, a green and environment-friendly reagent, polyethylene glycol 2000 (PEG-2000), was used to evaluate its effect on the collecting performance of sodium oleate during scheelite flotation at low temperatures. The effect of PEG-2000 on the flotation of scheelite with the collector sodium oleate (NaOL) was studied by flotation tests, surface tension tests, infrared spectral analysis, and zeta potential measurements. Flotation tests showed that adding PEG-2000 can enhance the collecting ability of NaOL on scheelite at low temperature (5 °C). The recovery of scheelite with the mixed collector of PEG-200 and NaOL is 4.39% higher than that with NaOL only. The surface tension tests, infrared spectral analysis and zeta potential measurements revealed that PEG-2000 and OL⁻ are co-adsorbed on the scheelite surface at low temperatures. The presence of PEG-2000 promoted the increase of the adsorption concentration of oleate ions (OL⁻) on the scheelite surface. The reason was that PEG-2000 has a shielding effect on the electrostatic repulsion between the OL⁻ groups, which changes the micellar configuration of OL⁻ in the solution system and makes the OL⁻ gather more tightly on the surface of scheelite, leading to the enhancement of its hydrophobicity. This discovery provides a reference for the development of collecting reagents for efficient flotation recovery of scheelite under low temperature environment.

In recent years, rockburst have gained significant attention as a crucial topic in rock engineering. Strain and fault-slip rockburst are two common types that occur frequently and cause substantial damage. The objective of this review is to conduct a comprehensive study on the experiments and failure mechanisms of strain and fault-slip rockburst. Firstly, the article analyzes the evolving trends in experimental research on rockburst in the past decade, highlighting mechanical properties and failure modes as the primary research focuses in understanding rockburst mechanisms. Subsequently, it provides an overview of the experimental techniques and methods employed for studying both types of rockburst. Then, with a focus on the mechanical properties and failure modes, the article conducts an extensive analysis of the failure mechanisms associated with strain and fault-slip rockburst. By analyzing experimental data and observing the failure characteristics of samples, it discusses the variations and common features exhibited by these two types of rockburst under various test conditions. This analysis is of paramount importance in revealing the causes of rockburst formation and development, as well as in predicting rockburst trends and assessing associated risks. Lastly, the limitations of current rockburst experiments and future research directions are discussed, followed by a comprehensive summary of the entire article.

The interface of slab track laid in cold regions is prone to debonding under the coupling of freeze-thaw cycles and temperature loads. Based on the composite specimen tests, the parameters of cohesive zone model were obtained and used in a simulation model of CRTS III prefabricated slab track to study the interlayer damage. The results show that 1) the digital image correlation (DIC) technique can accurately capture the strain field changes on the interface of composite specimens under splitting and shear loading; 2) when the temperature gradient is − 40 °C/m–60 °C/m, the interface damage of the slab track is minimal and presents different patterns of expansion under positive and negative temperature gradients, each corresponding to damage of the cohesive element dominated by shear stress and normal tensile stress, respectively; 3) the reduction of the elastic modulus at the concrete base after freeze-thaw inhibits interface damage and leads to a higher starting temperature gradient load, but cracking can occur on the concrete base after 150 freeze-thaws. For this reason, in the light of damage control of both the interface and concrete base, the elastic modulus of the concrete base is 54% or over that without freeze-thaw cycles.

In the present study, microstructural evolution, mechanical and creep properties of Al/SiC/Cu composite strips fabricated via accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process were studied. The obtained results showed the formation of an atomic diffusion layer with thickness of about 17 µm at the interface during the ARB under three creep loading conditions namely 30 MPa at 225 °C, 35 MPa at 225 °C, and 35 MPa at 275 °C. An generated intermetallic compound resulted in a 40% increase of interface thickness near Al. The stress level decreased by 13% at constant temperature with no significant effect on the interface thickness, and the creep failure time declined by 44%. It was observed that at constant temperatures, the second slope of the creep curve reached to 39% with increasing stress level, then, it dropped to 2% with a little temperature rising. After creep test under 35 MPa at 275 °C, the sample displays the presence of 60% Al and 40% Cu, containing brittle Al₂Cu intermetallic compound at the interface. Applied temperature and stress had effect on the creep properties, specially increasing the slope of creep curves with higher stresses.