Significantly enhanced photoelectrochemical cathodic protection performance and preventing biofouling dual functional Cu₂ZnSnS₄/TiO₂ nanotube composite material

Abstract

A new type of photoelectrochemical cathodic protection technology (a combination of seawater corrosion and biological fouling resistance) is being actively researched to alleviate the serious corrosion of marine metal materials. At present, there is almost no research on anti-corrosion and anti-fouling dual functional materials. In this paper, Cu₂ZnSnS₄ is attached to the surface of TiO₂ nanotubes through a one-step hydrothermal method for modification. The results indicate that when the hydrothermal reaction time is 24 h, Cu₂ZnSnS₄/TiO₂ nanocomposite material exhibits excellent performance in coupling with the protected 304 SS, with its open circuit potential shifts negatively to −1.04 V. This material improves the separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and effectively improves the photochemical cathodic protection of 304 stainless steel. The high removal rate of Staphylococcus aureus (up to 93%) of the as-prepared samples also proved that it has the effect of the anti-biological fouling.

References

[1] RajalaP, ChengD-q, RiceS A, et al. . Sulfate-dependant microbially induced corrosion of mild steel in the deep sea: A 10-year microbiome study [J]. Microbiome, 2022, 10(1): 4

[2] WangW-c, WangX-t, WangN, et al. . Bi₂Se₃ sensitized TiO₂ nanotube films for photogenerated cathodic protection of 304 stainless steel under visible light [J]. Nanoscale Research Letters, 2018, 13(1): 295

[3] WuW, ZhuL-l, ChaiP-l, et al. . Atmospheric corrosion behavior of Nb- and Sb-added weathering steels exposed to the South China Sea [J]. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, 2022, 29(11): 2041-2052

[4] LiuR, LiuL, WangF-hui. The role of hydrostatic pressure on the metal corrosion in simulated deep-sea environments—A review [J]. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2022, 112: 230-238

[5] LiQ-s, LuoS-z, XingX-t, et al. . Effect of deep sea pressures on the corrosion behavior of X65 steel in the artificial seawater [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2019, 32(8): 972-980

[6] GuoS-t, TangZ-y, DuY-w, et al. . Chlorine anion stabilized Cu₂O/ZnO photocathode for selective CO₂ reduction to CH₄ [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2023, 321: 122035

[7] ShindeT, PruncuC, DhokeyN B, et al. . Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on corrosion behavior of AISI H13 die steel [J]. Materials, 2021, 14(24): 7863

[8] PahujaP, YadavM, DhandaM, et al. . An eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor cuscuta reflexa extract and PEG400 for mild steel inhibition in acidic medium: Computational and experimental investigations [J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2023, 30(44): 98701-98717

[9] ShiS-e, ZhangZ-m, YuL-min. Hydrophobic polyaniline/modified SiO₂ coatings for anticorrosion protection [J]. Synthetic Metals, 2017, 233: 94-100

[10] LiuJ-h, ZhanZ-w, LiS-m, et al. . Corrosion resistance of waterborne epoxy coating pigmented by nano-sized aluminium powder on steel [J]. Journal of Central South University, 2012, 19(1): 46-54

[11] KainumaS, YangM-y, IshiharaS, et al. . Corrosion protection of steel members using an Al-Zn base sacrificial anode and fiber sheet in an atmospheric environment [J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2019, 224: 880-893

[12] HelalA, YuJ-q, EidA I, et al. . A novel g-C₃N₄/In₂O₃/BiVO₄ heterojunction photoanode for improved the photoelectrochemical cathodic protection of 304 SS stainless steel under solar light [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2022, 911: 165047

[13] ZhaoR, ZhuZ-y, OuyangT, et al. . Selective CO₂-to-syngas conversion enabled by bimetallic gold/zinc sites in partially reduced gold/zinc oxide arrays [J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2024, 63(6): e202313597

[14] ZhangK-l, DanM, YangJ-f, et al. . Surface energy mediated sulfur vacancy of ZnIn₂S₄ atomic layers for photocatalytic H₂O₂ production [J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2023, 33(35): 2302964

[15] LiW-f, FangX, LyuJ-h, et al. . Co₃O₄ decorated Ti/TiO₂ nanotubes for photogenerated cathodic protection of 304 stainless steel [J]. Chemical Research in Chinese Universities, 2021, 37(3): 704-710

[16] GongD-m, XuS-w, ZhangK-l, et al. . Enhancing photoelectrochemical cathodic protection performance by facile tuning sulfur redox state in sacrificial agents [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 451: 138552

[17] LianQ-y, LiangZ-c, GuanX-y, et al. . High-coordinated Bi^V/Bi^IV regulates photocatalytic selective activation of structural oxygen and self-generated H₂O₂ dominating an efficient synergistic sterilization [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2023, 331: 122724

[18] XingX-k, MaC-f, ChenY-c, et al. . Electromagnetic anti-fouling technology for prevention of scale [J]. Journal of Central South University of Technology, 2006, 13(1): 68-74

[19] LiuB-s, WuH, ParkinI P. New insights into the fundamental principle of semiconductor photocatalysis [J]. ACS Omega, 2020, 5(24): 14847-14856

[20] KhedrT M, WangK-l, KowalskiD, et al. . Bi₂WO₆-based Z-scheme photocatalysts: Principles, mechanisms and photocatalytic applications [J]. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2022, 10(3): 107838

[21] ZhuQ, HuX-h, StanislausM S, et al. . A novel P/Ag/Ag₂O/Ag₃PO₄/TiO₂ composite film for water purification and antibacterial application under solar light irradiation [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 577: 236-244

[22] NingX-b, WangX-t, ShaoQ, et al. . ZnPc/TiO₂ composites for photocathodic protection of 304 stainless steel [J]. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2020, 858: 113802

[23] FanB-y, LiuH-b, WangZ-h, et al. . Ferroelectric polarization-enhanced photocatalytic performance of heterostructured BaTiO₃@TiO₂ via interface engineering [J]. Journal of Central South University, 2021, 28(12): 3778-3789

[24] XuS-w, ZhangK-l, DuL-l, et al. . Zn₃In₂S₆/TiO₂ nanocomposites for highly efficient photocathodic protection to carbon steel [J]. ACS Applied Nano Materials, 2022, 5(12): 18297-18306

[25] BuY-y, ChenZ-y, AoJ-p, et al. . Study of the photoelectrochemical cathodic protection mechanism for steel based on the SrTiO₃-TiO₂ composite [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2018, 731: 1214-1224

[26] NingX-b, GeS-s, WangX-t, et al. . Preparation and photocathodic protection property of Ag₂S-TiO₂ composites [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2017, 719: 15-21

[27] LiuX-l, XuB-g, LuJ, et al. . A multifunctional zwitterion electrolyte additive for highly reversible zinc metal anode [J]. Small, 2024, 20(12): 2307557

[28] WangN, WangJ, ZhaoQ-y, et al. . Photogenerated cathodic protection properties of Ag/Ag₃PO₄/TiO₂ nanocomposites [J]. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 2022, 432: 114110

[29] WangN, WangJ, LiuM-n, et al. . Preparation of Ag@CuFe₂O₄@TiO₂ nanocomposite films and its performance of photoelectrochemical cathodic protection [J]. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2022, 100: 12-19

[30] JinP, GuanZ-c, WangH-p, et al. . Fabrication of CdSe/ZnIn2S4 modified TiO₂ nanotube composite and its application in photoelectrochemical cathodic protection [J]. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2022, 904: 115884

[31] JiangT-f, ZhaoY, XueH-guo. Boosting the performance of delafossite photocathode through constructing a CuFeO₂/CuO heterojunction for photoelectrochemical water reduction [J]. Journal of Materials Science, 2019, 54(18): 11951-11958

[32] GuoH-x, ZhangY-r, WangS, et al. . In-situ generation of Bi₂S₃ to construct WO₃/BiVO₄/Bi₂S₃ heterojunction for photocathodic protection of 304SS [J]. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2022, 907: 116033

[33] Mohd NasirS N F, YahyaM K N, Mohamad SapianN W, et al. . Heterojunction Cr₂O₃/CuO: Ni photocathodes for enhanced photoelectrochemical performance [J]. RSC Advances, 2016, 6(62): 56885-56891

[34] YinS-k, LiJ-z, SunL-l, et al. . Construction of heterogenous S-C-S MoS₂/SnS₂/r-GO heterojunction for efficient CO₂ photoreduction [J]. Inorganic Chemistry, 2019, 58(22): 15590-15601

[35] HouZ-c, LiY-f, LiuJ-s, et al. . The visible light-driven highly efficient photocatalytic properties of Cu₂ZnSnS₄ nanoparticles synthesized by a hydrothermal method [J]. New Journal of Chemistry, 2021, 45(3): 1743-1752

[36] ŽalnėravičiusR, PakštasV, GrincienėG, et al. . Antimicrobial particles based on Cu₂ZnSnS₄ monograins [J]. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 2023, 225: 113275

[37] LiW, ChenJ, YanC, et al. . The effect of ZnS segregation on Zn-rich CZTS thin film solar cells [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2015, 632: 178-184

[38] TumbulA, AslanF, GoktasA, et al. . Highly stable ethanol-based Cu₂ZnSnS₄ (CZTS) low-cost thin film absorber: Effect of solution aging [J]. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2021, 258: 123997

[39] SawantJ P, KaleR B. CZTS counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cell: Enhancement in photo conversion efficiency with morphology of TiO₂ nanostructured thin films [J]. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 2020, 24(2): 461-472

[40] SataleV V, GaneshV, BhatS V. Low-temperature-processed Cu₂ZnSnS₄ (CZTS)/CdS/1D-titania tandem photoanode with effectual photoelectrochemical response [J]. Energy Technology, 2021, 9(5): 2000958

[41] ChaudhariJ J, JoshiU S. Effects of complexing agent on earth-abundant environmentally friendly Cu₂ZnSnS₄ thin film solar cells prepared by sol-gel deposition [J]. Applied Physics A, 2018, 124(7): 465

[42] ZhangQ-q, WangJ-x, YeX-j, et al. . Self-assembly of CdS/CdIn₂S₄ heterostructure with enhanced photocascade synthesis of schiff base compounds in an aromatic alcohols and nitrobenzene system with visible light [J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2019, 11(50): 46735-46745

[43] Olak-KucharczykM, SzczepańskaG, KudzinM H, et al. . The photocatalytical properties of RGO/TiO₂ coated fabrics [J]. Coatings, 2020, 10(11): 1041

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Central South University