Effects of X-shaped energy dissipating steel dampers on the seismic response of high-speed railway track-bridge systems considering costs

Abstract

The high-speed railway track-bridge system (HSRTBS) is susceptible to damage under the effects of earthquakes, thus threatening the safety of running trains. To improve the seismic performance of HSRTBS and reduce damage to the system, a replaceable X-shaped Energy Dissipating Steel Damper (X-EDSD) is proposed, which contains the energy-dissipating component (EDC) to dissipate the earthquake energy. Cyclic tests were performed to obtain the hysteretic performance of the EDC and X-EDSD, and a test-validated numerical model was developed to conduct parametric analyses. The X-EDSD was simplified as a nonlinear spring element with hysteretic parameters and modeled into the numerical model of the HSRTBS for seismic dynamic analyses. The peak displacements of girder and rail decreased by approximately 48.1% and 47.7%, respectively. The peak deflections of the fasteners, cement asphalt mortar layer and sliding layer were reduced by 70.4%, 70.8%, and 86.1%, respectively. A comprehensive consideration of the system response control-economic cost ratio coefficient R_pe is proposed, and the optimal thickness of 14.94 mm is obtained by applying cubic term coefficient fitting according to 5 groups of steel plate thickness data for the specific case study in this paper. The method can be used for cost-informed X-EDSD-selection for seismic mitigation of HSRTBS.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

X-shaped energy dissipating steel damper / quasi-static test / high-speed railway track-bridge system / system response control-economic cost ratio coefficient

References

[1] Gou H, Ran Z, Yang L, Bao Y, Pu Q. Mapping vertical bridge deformations to track geometry for high-speed railway. Steel and Composite Structures, 2019, 32(4): 467–478

[2] Parsons T, Ji C, Kirby E. Stress changes from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and increased hazard in the Sichuan basin. Nature, 2008, 454(7203): 509–510

[3] Porritt R W, Yoshioka S. Slab pileup in the mantle transition zone and the 30 May 2015 Chichi−Jima earthquake. Geophysical Research Letters, 2016, 43(10): 4905–4912

[4] Shan B, Zheng Y, Liu C L, Xie Z J, Kong J. Coseismic Coulomb failure stress changes caused by the 2017 M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake, and its relationship with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Science China (Earth Sciences), 2017, 60(12): 2181–2189

[5] Wang J, Ding L, He J, Cai F, Wang C, Zhang Z. Research of seismogenic structures of the 2016 and 2022 Menyuan earthquakes, in the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Remote Sensing, 2023, 15(3): 742

[6] Kang X, Jiang L, Bai Y, Caprani C C. Seismic damage evaluation of high-speed railway bridge components under different intensities of earthquake excitations. Engineering Structures, 2017, 152: 116–128

[7] Li J, Zhou Y, He Z, Zhong G, Zhang C. Hysteretic behavior of cambered surface steel tube damper: Theoretical and experimental research. Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering, 2023, 17(4): 606–624

[8] Li H, Li L, Hu R, Ye M. Simplified design of nonlinear damper parameters and seismic responses for long-span cable-stayed bridges with nonlinear viscous dampers. Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering, 2024, 18(7): 1103–1116

[9] Wei B, Min H, Wu S, Zhong H, Jiang L, Li S, Hu Z. Investigation of equal strength mild steel tenons as displacement restraining devices for long-span railway arch bridges. Engineering Structures, 2022, 266: 114522

[10] Karvanchi Y, Shekastehband B. Seismic resistance of buckling restrained steel slit panels with X-Shaped restrainers. Structures, 2023, 54: 785–807

[11] Liu Z, Wang M, Hogan L S. Evaluation of seismic performance of precast concrete walls with X-shaped steel plate bracings. Structures, 2023, 48: 1548–1566

[12] Cao Z, Wang Z, Du P, Liu H, Fan F. Quasi-static experiments on steel plate shear walls reinforced with X-shaped restrainers. Journal of Building Engineering, 2020, 31: 101451

[13] Ding Y, Zhao C. Cyclic tests for assembled X-shaped buckling restrained brace using two unconnected steel plate braces. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2021, 182(4): 106680

[14] Jiang L, Yu K, Jiang L, Wen T, Hu Y, Pang L. Effects of shear panel dampers on seismic response mitigation of high-speed railway simply supported bridge-track system under far-field and near-field ground motions. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 23(2): 93

[15] JiangLYanYWenTJiangLYuKPangL. System-level seismic fragility of high-speed railway track-bridge system with component-replaceable U-shaped combined steel damper. Structures. 2023, 58: 105452

[16] Guo W, Chen X, Yu Y, Bu D, Li S, Fang W, Wang X, Zeng C, Wang Y. Development and seismic performance of bolted steel dampers with X-shaped pipe halves. Engineering Structures, 2021, 239: 112327

[17] Naeem A, Kim J. Seismic performance evaluation of a multi-slit damper. Engineering Structures, 2019, 189: 332–346

[18] Thongchom C, Ghamari A, Jaya R P, Benjeddoud O. Experimental and numerical study on an innovative trapezoidal-shaped damper to improve the behavior of CBF braces. Buildings, 2023, 13(1): 140

[19] Chen Y, Ye D, Zhang L. Analytical development and experimental investigation of the casting multi-plate damper (CMPD). Engineering Structures, 2022, 250: 113402

[20] Koo S, Han J, Marimuthu K P, Lee H. Determination of Chaboche combined hardening parameters with dual backstress for ratcheting evaluation of AISI 52100 bearing steel. International Journal of Fatigue, 2019, 122: 152–163

[21] Wang W, Song J, Su S, Cai H, Zhang R. Experimental and numerical studies of an axial tension-compression corrugated steel plate damper. Thin-walled Structures, 2021, 163: 107498

[22] FilippouF CPopovE PBerteroV V. Effects of bond deterioration on hysteretic behavior of reinforced concrete joints. UCB/EERC 83-19. 1983

[23] Jiang L, Yu J, Zhou W, Yan W, Lai Z, Feng Y. Applicability analysis of high-speed railway system under the action of near-fault ground motion. Soil dynamics and earthquake engineering, 2020, 139: 106289

[24] Yu J, Jiang L, Zhou W, Lai Z, Zuo Y, Peng K. Component damage and failure sequence of track-bridge system for high-speed railway under seismic action. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2023, 27(3): 656–678

[25] Zhu Z, Gong W, Wang L, Li Q, Bai Y, Yu Z, Harik I E. An efficient multi-time-step method for train-track-bridge interaction. Computers & Structures, 2018, 196: 36–48

[26] Yan B, Liu S, Pu H, Dai G, Cai X. Elastic-plastic seismic response of CRTS II slab ballastless track system on high-speed railway bridges. Science China. Technological Sciences, 2017, 60(6): 865–871

[27] Dai G, Tang Y, Liang J, Yang L, Chen Y. Temperature monitoring of high-speed railway bridges in mountainous areas. Structural Engineering International, 2018, 28(3): 288–295

[28] Jiang L, Zhang Y, Feng Y, Zhou W, Tan Z. Simplified calculation modeling method of multi-span bridges on high-speed railways under earthquake condition. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2020, 18(5): 2303–2328

[29] Zhu Z, Gong W, Wang L, Bai Y, Yu Z, Zhang L. Efficient assessment of 3D train-track-bridge interaction combining multi-time-step method and moving track technique. Engineering Structures, 2019, 183: 290–302

[30] Wang L, Zhu Z, Bai Y, Li Q, Costa P A, Yu Z. A fast random method for three-dimensional analysis of train-track-soil dynamic interaction. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2018, 115: 252–262

[31] Yu J, Jiang L, Zhou W, Liu X, Nie L, Zhang Y, Feng Y, Cao S. Running test on high-speed railway track-simply supported girder bridge systems under seismic action. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2021, 19(9): 3779–3802

[32] Hu Y, Guo W. Seismic response of high-speed railway bridge-track system considering unequal-height pier configurations. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2020, 137: 106250

[33] Wen T, Jiang L, Jiang L, Zhou W, Du Y. Interlayer area damage modeling and damage-based seismic fragility analysis of high-speed railway bridge and track system. Engineering Structures, 2022, 272: 114989

[34] JiangLLiuXYanYLJiang. U-shape energy-dissipation device for enhancing seismic resilience of high-speed railway track-bridge systems. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2025, 226: 109257

[35] Chen X, de Domenico D, LI C. Seismic resilient design of rocking tall bridge piers using inerter-based systems. Engineering Structures, 2023, 281: 115819

[36] Chen X Jr, Spencer B F Jr, Li J, Guan Z, Pang Y. Optimization of distribution patterns of link beams in a double-column tall pier bent subjected to earthquake excitations. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 2023, 52(3): 641–659

[37] Kent D, Park R. Inelastic behaviour of reinforced concrete members with cyclic loading. Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, 1971, 4(1): 108–125

[38] Lai Z, Jiang L. Analytical evaluation of lateral rail unevenness on high-speed railway bridge after transversal seismic shaking. Engineering Structures, 2022, 267: 114614

[39] Shao G, Jiang L, Chouw N. Experimental investigations of the seismic performance of bridge piers with rounded rectangular cross-sections. Earthquakes and Structures, 2014, 7(4): 463–484

[40] GB50111-2006. Code for Seismic Design of Railway Engineering of China. Beijing: Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China, 2006

[41] Yu J, Jiang L, Zhou W, Lu J, Zhong T, Peng K. Study on the influence of trains on the seismic response of high-speed railway structure under lateral uncertain earthquakes. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2021, 19(7): 2971–2992

[42] Wei B, Yang T, Jiang L, He X. Effects of friction-based fixed bearings on the seismic vulnerability of a high-speed railway continuous bridge. Advances in Structural Engineering, 2018, 21(5): 643–657

[43] Wei B, Yang T, Jiang L, He X. Effects of uncertain characteristic periods of ground motions on seismic vulnerabilities of a continuous track-bridge system of high-speed railway. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2018, 16(9): 3739–3769

[44] Wang Z, Jiang L, Jiang L, Zhou W, Du Y. Seismic response of high-speed railway simple-supported girder track-bridge system considering spatial effect at near-fault region. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2022, 158: 107283

[45] HwangCLYoonKP. Multiple Attribute Decision Making Methods and Applications A State-of-the-art Survey. Berlin: Springer, 1981

[46] Wen T, Jiang L, Jiang L, Jin Z, Du Y, Pang L. Repair cost assessment of longitudinal continuous ballastless track structure on high-speed railway bridge with spatially distributed interlayer area damage. Structures, 2023, 57: 105157

Acknowledgements

This research was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2022YFC3004304), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52378209), the Hunan Province Science and Technology Project Huxiang Young Talents Program (No. 2023RC3057), and the Xiaohe Sci-Tech Talents Special Funding under Hunan Provincial Sci-Tech Talents Sponsorship Program (No. 2023TJ-X66).

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2025 Higher Education Press