This review article examines the innovative incorporation of microbeads into hydrogels for wound healing applications, addressing challenges such as infection, scarring, and delayed recovery. Hydrogels are highlighted as effective wound dressings for tissue regeneration, while microbeads serve as versatile carriers for controlled drug release and targeted delivery, allowing customization for specific therapeutic needs. This article explores various preparation methods and materials for microbeads, emphasizing their role in enhancing the antibacterial properties and drug delivery functions of hydrogels. Key properties of microbeads-assisted hydrogels, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, and mechanical strength, are discussed as essential for effective wound management. The integration of microbeads improves drug delivery, antibacterial effects, and tissue regeneration capabilities, providing multifunctional solutions for wound healing. Additionally, the mechanisms of antibacterial agent release are described, focusing on controlled and sustained delivery to wound sites. Applications of microbeads-assisted hydrogels cover drug delivery, antibacterial action, tissue regeneration, and sustained release of growth factors, addressing various wound healing challenges. This article concludes by highlighting significant advancements in wound healing strategies facilitated by the integration of microbeads, promising enhanced therapeutic outcomes for patients.

Myocardial infarction (MI) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, stemming from the heart’s limited regenerative capacity and formation of noncontractile fibrotic tissue. Current treatments, including pharmacological and surgical interventions, manage symptoms and restore perfusion but fail to promote regeneration. Hydrogel-based therapies offer a promising approach by mimicking the cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), delivering bioactive molecules, and providing structural support for repair. This systematic review examines recent advances in hydrogel-based cardiac repair, focusing on classification, therapeutic mechanisms, preclinical/clinical findings, and translational challenges. Hydrogels are classified as natural, synthetic, and hybrid ones, each with unique mechanical and biological properties. Key mechanisms include angiogenesis stimulation, inflammation modulation, ECM remodeling, stem cell encapsulation, and electrical conductivity enhancement. Preclinical studies demonstrate reduced infarct size, improved left ventricular function, and enhanced cardiomyocyte survival. However, clinical translation is limited, with few early-stage human trials to date.

Knitted flexible sensors, owing to their looped architecture, exhibit excellent stretchability, comfort, and responsiveness, enabling real-time monitoring of biomechanical motion. Here, we systematically investigated the electromechanical performance of conductive fabrics composed of stainless steel, silver-plated, and copper-plated yarns across rib, half-air layer, and air-layer knitting structures. Among them, copper-plated rib fabrics with (35r × 35r)/5 cm density demonstrated superior sensing performance, with stable resistance variation (~2 to ~1 kΩ from 0° to 90° wrist bending), high linearity (R² = 0.959), good stability (δ = 0.232 after 100 cycles), and a gauge factor (GF) of ~2.73. An equivalent resistance model was established to elucidate the impact of loop geometry on sensor performance, confirming that higher coursewise density lowers resistance and enhances sensitivity. A wearable knitted wristband sensor was fabricated that accurately distinguishes wrist postures. These findings highlight the potential of structured conductive knits as customizable, high-performance platforms for next-generation wearable health monitoring and rehabilitation systems.

During secondary recrystallization of oriented electrical steels, the dispersed inhibitors strongly hinder grain boundary migration. The existing secondary recrystallization theories, which mainly focus on the initial migration behavior of grain boundaries, not only fails to clarify the mechanism of secondary recrystallization, but also cannot explain the common phenomenon that smaller Goss grains can eventually engulf all other grains. This study confirms that the significant molar volume effect generated by the precipitation of inhibitors within the ferrite matrix strongly inhibits the coarsening of the central layer inhibitors in steel sheets at high temperatures, but there is still a chance for coarsening of the surface layer inhibitors. Therefore, the surface grains can grow before the growth of grains in the central layer. The highly enhanced elastic anisotropy of ferrite at high temperatures results in slow boundary migration of surface large-sized non-Goss grains towards Goss grains, while surface Goss grain boundaries can quickly migrate towards adjacent small-sized non-Goss grains, allowing Goss grains to gradually accumulate an absolute advantage in larger size, engulf all other grains, and ultimately form a strong Goss texture.

The performance of micro-/nano-electromechanical systems (M/NEMSs) has been significantly improved through the integration of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials such as graphene, transition metal chalcogenides and hexagonal boron nitride, mainly due to their excellent mechanical strength, high electrical conductivity and superior thermal and chemical stability. Moreover, the fabrication, integration and functional properties of 2D nanomaterial-based M/NEMSs have been the subject of extensive research, especially regarding device reliability, packaging and pathways to large-scale commercialization. Furthermore, in the fields of biosensing and medical diagnostics, the inherent biocompatibility, photoactivity, and mechanical flexibility of 2D nanomaterials enable rapid response and high-sensitivity detection. Finally, future industrial applications will rely on scalable and cost-effective packaging solutions. The MEMS market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.9%, from $16.5 billion in 2024 to $24.2 billion in 2029.