Generation of mode-locked states of conventional solitons and bright-dark solitons in graphene mode-locked fiber laser

Abstract

This paper proposes a mode-locked fiber laser based on graphene-coated microfiber. The total length of the fiber laser resonant cavity is 31.34 m. Under the condition of stable output of bright-dark soliton pairs from the fiber laser, dual-wavelength tuning is realized by adjusting the polarization controller (PC), and the wavelength tuning range is 11 nm. Furthermore, the effects of polarization states on bright-dark solitons are studied. It is demonstrated that the mode-locking state can be switched between conventional solitons and bright-dark solitons in the graphene mode-locked fiber laser. Bright-dark soliton pairs with different shapes and nanosecond pulse width can be obtained by adjusting the PC and pump power.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Fiber laser / Graphene / Conventional soliton / Bright-dark soliton pairs

References

[1] Jia, Q., Wang, T., Ma, W., Liu, P., Zhang, P., Bo, B., Zhang, Y.: Passively harmonic mode-locked pulses in thulium-doped fiber laser based on nonlinear polarization rotation. Opt. Eng. 55(10), 106121 (2016)

[2] Li, J., Zhang, Z., Sun, Z., Luo, H., Liu, Y., Yan, Z., Mou, C., Zhang, L., Turitsyn, S.K.: All-fiber passively mode-locked Tm-doped NOLM-based oscillator operating at 2-μm in both soliton and noisy-pulse regimes. Opt. Express 22(7), 7875–7882 (2014)

[3] Ma, W., Wang, T., Su, Q., Zhang, J., Jia, Q., Jiang, H.: Dual-pulses and harmonic patterns of a square-wave soliton in passively modelocked fiber laser. Laser Phys. Lett. 15(6), 065102 (2018)

[4] Zhang, L., Zhou, J., Wang, Z., Gu, X., Feng, Y.: SESAM modelocked, environmentally stable, and compact dissipative soliton fiber laser. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 26(13), 1314–1316 (2014)

[5] Sun, Z., Rozhin, A.G., Wang, F., Scardaci, V., Milne, W.I., White, I.H., Hennrich, F., Ferrari, A.C.: L-band ultrafast fiber laser mode locked by carbon nanotubes. Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(6), 061114 (2008)

[6] Bao, Q., Zhang, H., Wang, Y., Ni, Z., Yan, Y., Shen, Z.X., Loh, K.P., Tang, D.Y.: Atomic-layer graphene as a saturable absorber for ultrafast pulsed lasers. Adv. Funct. Mater. 19(19), 3077–3083 (2009)

[7] Zhang, H., Tang, D., Knize, R.J., Zhao, L., Bao, Q., Loh, K.P.: Graphene mode locked, wavelength-tunable, dissipative soliton fiber laser. Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(11), 111112 (2010)

[8] Sotor, J., Pasternak, I., Krajewska, A., Strupinski, W., Sobon, G.: Sub-90 fs a stretched-pulse mode-locked fiber laser based on a graphene saturable absorber. Opt. Express 23(21), 27503–27508 (2015)

[9] Tang, P., Luo, M., Zhao, T., Mao, Y.: Generation of noise-like pulses and soliton rains in a graphene mode-locked erbium-doped fiber ring laser. Front. Inf. Technol. Electron. Eng. 22(3), 303–311 (2021)

[10] van Saarloos, W., Hohenberg, P.C.: Fronts, pulses, sources and sinks in generalized complex Ginzburg-Landau equations. Physica D 56(4), 303–367 (1992)

[11] Zhao, J.Q., Wang, Y.G., Yan, P.G., Ruan, S.C., Zhang, G.L., Li, H.Q., Tsang, Y.H.: An L-band graphene-oxide mode-locked fiber laser delivering bright and dark pulses. Laser Phys. 23(7), 075105 (2013)

[12] Gao, J., Hu, F.M., Huo, X.D., Gao, P.: Bright-dark pair in passively mode-locked fiber laser based on graphene. Laser Phys. 24(8), 085104 (2014)

[13] Markom, A.M., Tan, S.J., Haris, H., Paul, M.C., Dhar, A., Das, S., Harun, S.W.: Experimental observation of bright and dark solitons mode-locked with zirconia-based erbium-doped fiber laser. Chin. Phys. Lett. 35(2), 024203 (2018)

[14] Chen, Y.K., Wu, M.C., Tanbun-Ek, T., Logan, R.A., Chin, M.A.: Subpicosecond monolithic colliding-pulse mode-locked multiple quantum well lasers. Appl. Phys. Lett. 58(12), 1253–1255 (1991)

[15] Ahmad, H., Latif, A.A., Abdul Khudus, M.I., Zulkifli, A.Z., Zulkifli, M.Z., Thambiratnam, K., Harun, S.W.: Highly stable graphene-assisted tunable dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser. Appl. Opt. 52(4), 818–823 (2013)

[16] Ai, F., Li, X., Qian, J.: Dual-wavelength mode-locked fiber laser based on graphene materials. Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 231(4), 643–649 (2022)

[17] Yang, G., Liu, Y., Wang, Z., Lou, J., Wang, Z., Liu, Z.: Broadband wavelength tunable mode-locked thulium-doped fiber laser operating in the 2 μm region by using a graphene saturable absorber on microfiber. Laser Phys. Lett. 13(6), 065105 (2016)

[18] Sheng, Q., Feng, M., Xin, W., Han, T., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Tian, J.: Actively manipulation of operation states in passively pulsed fiber lasers by using graphene saturable absorber on microfiber. Opt. Express 21(12), 14859–14866 (2013)

[19] Wang, X., Han, H., Liu, D.: Generation of bright-dark soliton pairs in mode-locked fiber laser based on molybdenum diselenide. IEEE Access 8, 160427–160432 (2020)

[20] Boudec, P.L., Jaouen, C., François, P.L., Bayon, J.F., Sanchez, F., Besnard, P., Stéphan, G.: Antiphase dynamics and chaos in self-pulsing erbium-doped fiber lasers. Opt. Lett. 18(22), 1890–1892 (1993)

[21] Wu, Q.C., Gu, Y.L., Yao, Y., Yang, Y.F., Lei, H.B., Tian, Y.T., Tian, J.J., Guo, B.: Convertible dark pulse and bright pulse fiber ring laser by adjusting the polarization. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 30(14), 1285–1288 (2018)

[22] Han, X., Zhang, H., Jiang, S., Zhang, C., Li, D., Guo, Q., Gao, J., Man, B.: Improved laser damage threshold of In2Se3 saturable absorber by PVD for high-power mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser. Nanomaterials 9(9), 1216 (2019)

[23] Guo, B., Yao, Y., Tian, J.J., Zhao, Y.F., Liu, S., Li, M., Quan, M.R.: Observation of bright-dark soliton pair in a fiber laser with topological insulator. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 27(7), 701–704 (2015)

[24] Wang, H.Y., Xu, W.C., Cao, W.J., Wang, L.Y., Dong, J.L.: Experimental observation of bright-dark pulse emitting in an all-fiber ring cavity laser. Laser Phys. 22(1), 282–285 (2012)

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2023 The Author(s) 2023