Graphene-based all-optical modulators

Abstract

All-optical devices, which are utilized to process optical signals without electro-optical conversion, play an essential role in the next generation ultrafast, ultralow power-consumption optical information processing systems. To satisfy the performance requirement, nonlinear optical materials that are associated with fast response, high nonlinearity, broad wavelength operation, low optical loss, low fabrication cost, and integration compatibility with optical components are required. Graphene is a promising candidate, particularly considering its electrically or optically tunable optical properties, ultrafast large nonlinearity, and high integration compatibility with various nanostructures. Thus far, three all-optical modulation systems utilize graphene, namely free-space modulators, fiber-based modulators, and on-chip modulators. This paper aims to provide a broad view of state-of-the-art researches on the graphene-based all-optical modulation systems. The performances of different devices are reviewed and compared to present a comprehensive analysis and perspective of graphene-based all-optical modulation devices.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

graphene / saturable absorption / low power consumption / all-optical modulation

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91950204 and 61975179), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2019YFB2203002), and Shanghai Sailing Program (No. 19YF1435400).

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