Building one-dimensional Bi₂S₃ nanorods as enhanced photoresponding materials for photodetectors

Abstract

In this paper, Bi₂S₃ nanorods were successfully synthesized via a facile one-pot hydrothermal method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Then the Bi₂S₃ nanorods were deposited on Au interdigital electrodes by dip-coating to fabricate photodetectors. The photoresponse properties using Bi₂S₃ nanorods as a representative system showed a significantly enhanced conductivity and the current-voltage (I-V) characteristic exhibited about ca. 2 orders of magnitude larger than the dark current. The response and decay time was estimated to be ~371.66 and 386 ms, respectively, indicating Bi₂S₃ may be an excellent candidate for high speed and high-sensitivity photoelectrical switches and light sensitive devices.

Keywords

Bi₂S₃ / nanorods / photoresponse property / photodetector

References

[1] Chen Y C, Cao T, Chen C, Pedramrazi Z, Haberer D, de Oteyza D G, Fischer F R, Louie S G, Crommie M F. Molecular bandgap engineering of bottom-up synthesized graphene nanoribbon heterojunctions. Nature Nanotechnology, 2015, 10(2): 156–160

[2] Rao P M, Cai L, Liu C, Cho I S, Lee C H, Weisse J M, Yang P, Zheng X. Simultaneously efficient light absorption and charge separation in WO₃/BiVO₄ core/shell nanowire photoanode for photoelectrochemical water oxidation. Nano Letters, 2014, 14(2): 1099–1105

[3] Peng S, Li L, Wu H B, Madhavi S, Lou X W. Controlled growth of NiMoO4 nanosheet and nanorod arrays on various conductive substrates as advanced electrodes for asymmetric supercapacitors. Advanced Energy Materials, 2015, 5(2): 1401172

[4] Tan C, Qi X, Huang X, Yang J, Zheng B, An Z, Chen R, Wei J, Tang B Z, Huang W, Zhang H. Single-layer transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheet-assisted assembly of aggregation-induced emission molecules to form organic nanosheets with enhanced fluorescence. Advanced Materials, 2014, 26(11): 1735–1739

[5] Huang X, Yu H, Chen J, Lu Z, Yazami R, Hng H H. Ultrahigh rate capabilities of lithium-ion batteries from 3D ordered hierarchically porous electrodes with entrapped active nanoparticles configuration. Advanced Materials, 2014, 26(8): 1296–1303

[6] Giri A K, Pal P, Ananthakumar R, Jayachandran M, Mahanty S, Panda A B. 3D hierarchically assembled porous wrinkled-paper-like structure of ZnCo₂O₄ and Co-ZnO@C as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Crystal Growth & Design, 2014, 14(7): 3352–3359

[7] Cheng C, Ren W, Zhang H. 3D TiO₂/SnO₂ hierarchically branched nanowires on transparent FTO substrate as photoanode for efficient water splitting. Nano Energy, 2014, 5: 132–138

[8] Choy J H, Jang E S, Won J H, Chung J H, Jang D J, Kim Y W. Soft solution route to directionally grown ZnOnanorodarrays on Si wafer; room-temperature ultraviolet laser. Advanced Materials, 2003, 15(22): 1911–1914

[9] Huang H, Pan L, Lim C K, Gong H, Guo J, Tse M S, Tan O K. Hydrothermal growth of TiO₂ nanorod arrays and in situ conversion to nanotube arrays for highly efficient quantum dot-sensitized solar cells. Small, 2013, 9(18): 3153–3160

[10] Liao J Y, Lei B X, Chen H Y, Kuang D B, Su C Y. Oriented hierarchical single crystalline anatase TiO₂ nanowire arrays on Ti-foil substrate for efficient flexible dye-sensitized solar cells. Energy & Environmental Science, 2012, 5(2): 5750–5757

[11] Guo W, Xu C, Wang X, Wang S H, Pan C, Lin C, Wang Z L. Rectangular bunched rutile TiO₂ nanorodarrays grown on carbon fiber for dye-sensitized solar cells. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2012, 134(9): 4437–4441

[12] Tang Z R, Li F, Zhang Y, Fu X, Xu Y J. Composites of titanatenanotube and carbon nanotube as photocatalyst with high mineralization ratio for gas-phase degradation of volatile aromatic pollutant. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2011, 115(16): 7880–7886

[13] Jiang J, Li Y, Liu J, Huang X. Building one-dimensional oxide nanostructure arrays on conductive metal substrates for lithium-ion battery anodes. Nanoscale, 2011, 3(1): 45–58

[14] Wang Z L, Song J. Piezoelectric nanogenerators based on zinc oxide nanowire arrays. Science, 2006, 312(5771): 242–246

[15] Martinez L, Bernechea M, de Arquer F P G, Konstantatos G. Near IR-sensitive, non-toxic, polymer/nanocrystalsolar cells employing Bi₂S₃ as the electron acceptor. Advanced Energy Materials, 2011, 1(6): 1029–1035

[16] Xiao G, Dong Q, Wang Y, Sui Y, Ning J, Liu Z, Tian W, Liu B, Zou G, Zou B. One-step solution synthesis of bismuth sulfide (Bi₂S₃) with various hierarchical architectures and their photoresponse properties. RSC Advances, 2012, 2(1): 234–240

[17] Li Y, Wei F, Ma Y, Zhang H, Gao Z, Dai L, Qin G. Selected-control hydrothermal synthesis and photoresponse properties of Bi₂S₃micro/nanocrystals. CryEngComm, 2013, 15(33): 6611–6616

[18] Konstantatos G, Levina L, Tang J, Sargent E H. Sensitive solution-processed Bi₂S₃ nanocrystalline photodetectors. Nano Letters, 2008, 8(11): 4002–4006

[19] Yao K, Gong W W, Hu Y F, Liang X L, Chen Q, Peng L M. Individual Bi₂S₃ nanowire-based room-temperature H₂ sensor. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2008, 112(23): 8721–8724

[20] Bao H, Li C M, Cui X, Gan Y, Song Q, Guo J. Synthesis of a highly ordered single-crystalline Bi₂S₃ nanowire array and its metal/semiconductor/metal back-to-back Schottky diode. Small, 2008, 4(8): 1125–1129

[21] Ma J, Liu Z, Lian J, Duan X, Kim T, Peng P, Liu X, Chen Q, Yao G, Zheng W. Ionic liquids-assisted synthesis and electrochemical properties of Bi₂S₃ nanostructures. CrystEngComm, 2011, 13(8): 3072–3079

[22] Rabin O, Manuel Perez J, Grimm J, Wojtkiewicz G, Weissleder R. An X-ray computed tomography imaging agent based on long-circulating bismuth sulphide nanoparticles. Nature Materials, 2006, 5(2): 118–122

[23] Schricker A D, Sigman M B Jr, Korgel B A. Electrical transport, Meyer–Neldel rule and oxygen sensitivity of Bi₂S₃ nanowires. Nanotechnology, 2005, 16(7): S508–S513

[24] Liao X H, Wang H, Zhu J J, Chen H Y. Preparation of Bi₂S₃ nanorods by microwave irradiation. Materials Research Bulletin, 2001, 36(13-14): 2339–2346

[25] Tang C J, Wang G Z, Wang H Q, Zhang Y X, Li G H. Facile synthesis of Bi₂S₃ nanowire arrays. Materials Letters, 2008, 62(21-22): 3663–3665

[26] Tang C, Wang C, Su F, Zang C, Yang Y, Zong Z, Zhang Y. Controlled synthesis of urchin-like Bi₂S₃ via hydrothermal method. Solid State Sciences, 2010, 12(8): 1352–1356

[27] Lu F, Li R, Li Y, Huo N, Yang J, Li Y, Li B, Yang S, Wei Z, Li J . Improving the field-effect performance of Bi₂S₃ single nanowires by an asymmetric device fabrication. A European Journal of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry, 2015, 16(1): 99–103

[28] Andzane J, Kunakova G, Varghese J, Holmes J D, Erts D. Photoconductive properties of Bi₂S₃ nanowires. Journal of Applied Physics, 2015, 117(6): 064305

[29] Wang H, Zhu J J, Zhu J M, Chen H Y. Sonochemical method for the preparation of bismuth sulfide nanorods. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2002, 106(15): 3848–3854

[30] Wei F, Zhang J, Wang L, Zhang Z K. Solvothermal growth of single-crystal bismuth sulfide nanorods using bismuth particles as source material. Crystal Growth & Design, 2006, 6(8): 1942–1944

[31] Peng X S, Meng G W, Zhang J, Zhao L X, Wang X F, Wang Y W, Zhang L D. Electrochemical fabrication of ordered Bi₂S₃ nanowire arrays. Journal of Physics D, Applied Physics, 2001, 34(22): 3224–3228

[32] Zhang B, Ye X, Hou W, Zhao Y, Xie Y. Biomolecule-assisted synthesis and electrochemical hydrogen storage of Bi₂S₃ flowerlike patterns with well-aligned nanorods. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2006, 110(18): 8978–8985

[33] Wang Y, Chen J, Wang P, Chen L, Chen Y B, Wu L M. Syntheses, growth mechanism, and optical properties of [001] growing Bi₂S₃ nanorods. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2009, 113(36): 16009–16014

[34] Kind H, Yan H, Messer B, Law M, Yang P. Nanowire ultraviolet photodetectors and optical switches. Advanced Materials, 2002, 14(2): 158–160

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Nos. 2012CB619302 and 2010CB923204), the Science and Technology Bureau of Wuhan City (No. 2014010101010006), Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (No. 2011CDA81), Science Foundation from Hubei Provincial Department of Education (No. D20131001), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10990103, 51002058, 61274010 and 61405076) and the Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province (No. 2012C33057).

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

2014 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg