TCM practitioners have carried out many evidence-based medicine (EBM) studies. In this section, we show some examples of lung cancer cases. Since 1997, there have been 83 RCT publications on NSCLC treated with TCM combined with chemotherapy [
22]. Since 2000, multi-center, large-sample, and high-quality research have been conducted [
23,
24]. Based on “A Clinical Trial of TCM in Patients with Post-operative Lung Cancer to Prolong Survival” (Fund of Capital Medical Development and Research, No.ZD199902), there is a significant difference in the two-year survival rate (64.86% vs. 47.16%,
P<0.05) between the TCM group (184 cases) and the placebo group (172 cases). The study concluded that TCM could inhibit the recurrence and metastasis of I-IIIa stage post-operative non-small cell lung cancer patients. In “A Clinical Trial of TCM Combined with Western Medicine in Patients with Unresectable Stage III or IV NSCLC to Prolong Median Survival Time” (National Scientific and Technological Project of Tenth Five-year, No.2001BA70115a), there is a significant difference in median survival time (12.03 months vs. 8.46 months) between the chemotherapy plus TCM group (199 cases) and the chemotherapy plus placebo group (215 cases). The study concluded that the combination of TCM and chemotherapy could maximize the effectiveness to treat unresectable NCSLC and prolong survival significantly. The study “A randomized, prospective, multi-center clinical trial of NP regimen (vinorelbine+cisplatin) plus Gensing Rg3 in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients” gained the same conclusion (response rate was 14.5% in the NP regimen plus Gensing Rg3 group) and 33.3% in the placebo group (
P = 0. 011); the median survival time was 10 months versus 8 months, respectively (
P = 0. 0088). The role of TCM treatment in lung cancer has been recognized and accepted. Thus, the fist-line recommendation for NSCLC recurrence and metastasis is Rg3 combined with chemotherapy, according to the Chinese edition of the NSCLC Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology—Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Guideline 2009 [
25].