Factors involved in human healthy aging: insights from longevity individuals

Abstract

The quest to decipher the determinants of human longevity has intensified with the rise in global life expectancy. Long-lived individuals (LLIs), who exceed the average life expectancy while delaying age-related diseases, serve as a unique model for studying human healthy aging and longevity. Longevity is a complex phenotype influenced by both genetic and non-genetic factors. This review paper delves into the genetic, epigenetic, metabolic, immune, and environmental factors underpinning the phenomenon of human longevity, with a particular focus on LLIs, such as centenarians. By integrating findings from human longevity studies, this review highlights a diverse array of factors influencing longevity, ranging from genetic polymorphisms and epigenetic modifications to the impacts of diet and physical activity. As life expectancy grows, understanding these factors is crucial for developing strategies that promote a healthier and longer life.

Keywords

longevity / centenarians / longevity factors / age-related diseases / long-lived individuals

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 82430049, 82371580, and 82401833), Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects (Nos. 202201AS070080, 202301AT070281, and 202401AW070011), High-level Talent Promotion and Training Project of Kunming (Spring City Plan; No. 2020SCP001), Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program Yunling Scholar Project (to Qing-Peng Kong), Reserve Talent Project of Young and Middle-aged Academic and Technical Leaders in Yunnan Province (No. 202305AC160029), and West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (to Fu-Hui Xiao).

Compliance with ethics guidelines

Conflicts of interest Fan-Qian Yin, Fu-Hui Xiao, and Qing-Peng Kong declare no conflicts of interest.

This manuscript is a review article and does not involve a research protocol requiring approval by the relevant institutional review board or ethics committee.

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