Emergence of SARS and COVID-19 and preparedness for the next emerging disease X

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are two human coronavirus diseases emerging in this century, posing tremendous threats to public health and causing great loss to lives and economy. In this review, we retrospect the studies tracing the molecular evolution of SARS-CoV, and we sort out current research findings about the potential ancestor of SARS-CoV-2. Updated knowledge about SARS-CoV-2-like viruses found in wildlife, the animal susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, as well as the interspecies transmission risk of SARS-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoVs) are gathered here. Finally, we discuss the strategies of how to be prepared against future outbreaks of emerging or re-emerging coronaviruses.

Keywords

SARS / COVID-19 / coronavirus

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Acknowledgements

This work is jointly supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos. 2022YFC2305101 and 2021YFC0863400), and the Strategic Research and Consulting Program of Chinese Academy of Engineering (No. 2022-JB-06-04).

Compliance with ethics guidelines

Conflicts of interest Ben Hu, Hua Guo, Haorui Si, and Zhengli Shi declare that they have no conflict of interest.

This manuscript is a review article and does not involve a research protocol requiring approval by the relevant institutional review board or ethics committee.

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