Epigenetics and environmental health

Abstract

Epigenetic modifications including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and RNA modifications complicate gene regulation and heredity and profoundly impact various physiological and pathological processes. In recent years, accumulating evidence indicates that epigenetics is vulnerable to environmental changes and regulates the growth, development, and diseases of individuals by affecting chromatin activity and regulating gene expression. Environmental exposure or induced epigenetic changes can regulate the state of development and lead to developmental disorders, aging, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease, cancers, and so on. However, epigenetic modifications are reversible. The use of specific epigenetic inhibitors targeting epigenetic changes in response to environmental exposure is useful in disease therapy. Here, we provide an overview of the role of epigenetics in various diseases. Furthermore, we summarize the mechanism of epigenetic alterations induced by different environmental exposures, the influence of different environmental exposures, and the crosstalk between environmental variation epigenetics, and genes that are implicated in the body’s health. However, the interaction of multiple factors and epigenetics in regulating the initiation and progression of various diseases complicates clinical treatments. We discuss some commonly used epigenetic drugs targeting epigenetic modifications and methods to prevent or relieve various diseases regulated by environmental exposure and epigenetics through diet.

Keywords

epigenetics / environmental exposure / health / prevention and therapy

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41931291, 42125707, and 82273403), Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (No. 2022YFA1103402), Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Nos. 2019PT310027 and 2021-RC310-006), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (No. 2021-I2M-1-018).

Compliance with ethics guidelines

Conflicts of interest Min Zhang, Ting Hu, Tianyu Ma, Wei Huang, and Yan Wang declare that they have no conflict of interest.

This manuscript is a review article and does not involve a research protocol requiring approval by the relevant institutional review board or ethics committee.

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