Minimal residual disease in solid tumors: an overview

Abstract

Minimal residual disease (MRD) is termed as the small numbers of remnant tumor cells in a subset of patients with tumors. Liquid biopsy is increasingly used for the detection of MRD, illustrating the potential of MRD detection to provide more accurate management for cancer patients. As new techniques and algorithms have enhanced the performance of MRD detection, the approach is becoming more widely and routinely used to predict the prognosis and monitor the relapse of cancer patients. In fact, MRD detection has been shown to achieve better performance than imaging methods. On this basis, rigorous investigation of MRD detection as an integral method for guiding clinical treatment has made important advances. This review summarizes the development of MRD biomarkers, techniques, and strategies for the detection of cancer, and emphasizes the application of MRD detection in solid tumors, particularly for the guidance of clinical treatment.

Keywords

MRD / solid tumor / CTC / ctDNA

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Acknowledgements

This study is supported by National Key R&D Program of China (Nos. 2021YFC2500900 and 2021YFC2501004), the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS) (Nos. 2021-1-I2M-018 and 2021-I2M-1-067), and Non-Profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2022-RC310-08).

Compliance with ethics guidelines

Conflicts of interest Yuchen Jiao is one of the confounders of Genetron Holdings, has owner interest in Genetron Holdings, and receives royalties from Genetron. Other authors declare no conflict of interest.

This manuscript is a review article and does not involve a research protocol requiring approval by the relevant institutional review board or ethics committee.

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