Recent advances in systemic lupus erythematosus and microbiota: from bench to bedside

Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complicated autoimmune disease affecting multiple systems and organs. It is highly heterogeneous, and it preferentially affects women at childbearing age, causing worldwide social burden. The pathogenesis of SLE mostly involves genetic predisposition, epigenetic dysregulation, overactivation of the immune system, and environment factors. Human microbiome, which is mostly composed of microbiota colonized in the gut, skin, and oral cavity, provides a natural microbiome barrier against environmental risks. The past decade of research has demonstrated a strong association between microbiota and metabolic diseases or gastrointestinal diseases. However, the role of microbiota in autoimmunity remains largely unknown until recently, when the technological and methodological progress facilitates further microbiota research in SLE. In this review, the latest research about the role and mechanisms of microbiota in SLE and the advances in the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies based on microbiota for SLE were summarized.

Keywords

systemic lupus erythematosus / microbiota / biotherapy

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (No. 2021-I2M-1-059) and the Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Nos. 2020-RC320-003 and 2021-RC320-001 ).

Compliance with ethics guidelines

Yijing Zhan, Qianmei Liu, Bo Zhang, Xin Huang, and Qianjin Lu declare that they have no conflicts of interest. This manuscript is a review article and does not involve a research protocol requiring approval by the relevant institutional review board or ethics committee.

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