Unusual global outbreak of monkeypox: what should we do?

Abstract

Recently, monkeypox has become a global concern amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Monkeypox is an acute rash zoonosis caused by the monkeypox virus, which was previously concentrated in Africa. The re-emergence of this pathogen seems unusual on account of outbreaks in multiple nonendemic countries and the incline to spread from person to person. We need to revisit this virus to prevent the epidemic from getting worse. In this review, we comprehensively summarize studies on monkeypox, including its epidemiology, biological characteristics, pathogenesis, and clinical characteristics, as well as therapeutics and vaccines, highlighting its unusual outbreak attributed to the transformation of transmission. We also analyze the present situation and put forward countermeasures from both clinical and scientific research to address it.

Keywords

monkeypox / poxviruses / vaccine / infectious diseases

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Key Research & Development Program of China (No. 2021YFC2301204), Zhejiang Provincial Key Research & Development Program of China (No. 2021C03043), and Research Project of Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory.

Compliance with ethics guidelines

Miaojin Zhu, Jia Ji, Danrong Shi, Xiangyun Lu, Baohong Wang, Nanping Wu, Jie Wu, Hangping Yao, and Lanjuan Li declare no competing financial interests. This manuscript is a review article and does not involve a research protocol requiring approval by the relevant institutional review board or ethics committee.

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