Microorganism-derived biological macromolecules for tissue engineering

Abstract

According to literature, certain microorganism productions mediate biological effects. However, their beneficial characteristics remain unclear. Nowadays, scientists concentrate on obtaining natural materials from live creatures as new sources to produce innovative smart biomaterials for increasing tissue reconstruction in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The present review aims to introduce microorganism-derived biological macromolecules, such as pullulan, alginate, dextran, curdlan, and hyaluronic acid, and their available sources for tissue engineering. Growing evidence indicates that these materials can be used as biological material in scaffolds to enhance regeneration in damaged tissues and contribute to cosmetic and dermatological applications. These natural-based materials are attractive in pharmaceutical, regenerative medicine, and biomedical applications. This study provides a detailed overview of natural-based biomaterials, their chemical and physical properties, and new directions for future research and therapeutic applications.

Keywords

biological macromolecules / regenerative medicine / tissue engineering / exopolysaccharide / carbohydrate

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Compliance with ethics guidelines

Naser Amini, Peiman Brouki Milan, Vahid Hosseinpour Sarmadi, Bahareh Derakhshanmehr, Ahmad Hivechi, Fateme Khodaei, Masoud Hamidi, Sara Ashraf, Ghazaleh Larijani, and Alireza Rezapour declare that they have no conflict of interests. This manuscript is a review article and does not involve a research protocol requiring approval by the relevant institutional review board or ethics committee.

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