Proteins moonlighting in tumor metabolism and epigenetics

Abstract

Cancer development is a complicated process controlled by the interplay of multiple signaling pathways and restrained by oxygen and nutrient accessibility in the tumor microenvironment. High plasticity in using diverse nutrients to adapt to metabolic stress is one of the hallmarks of cancer cells. To respond to nutrient stress and to meet the requirements for rapid cell proliferation, cancer cells reprogram metabolic pathways to take up more glucose and coordinate the production of energy and intermediates for biosynthesis. Such actions involve gene expression and activity regulation by the moonlighting function of oncoproteins and metabolic enzymes. The signal−moonlighting protein−metabolism axis facilitates the adaptation of tumor cells under varying environment conditions and can be therapeutically targeted for cancer treatment.

Keywords

moonlighting function / tumor metabolism / epigenetics

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (No. 2019YFA0801703), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81790250, 81790253, 91959202, 81902823, and 81972620), and the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (No. N173606).

Compliance with ethics guidelines

Lei Lv and Qunying Lei declare that they have no conflict of interest. This manuscript is a review article and does not involve a research protocol requiring approval by the relevant institutional review board or ethics committee.

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