Development of oncolytic virotherapy: from genetic modification to combination therapy

Abstract

Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) is a novel form of immunotherapy using natural or genetically modified viruses to selectively replicate in and kill malignant cells. Many genetically modified oncolytic viruses (OVs) with enhanced tumor targeting, antitumor efficacy, and safety have been generated, and some of which have been assessed in clinical trials. Combining OVT with other immunotherapies can remarkably enhance the antitumor efficacy. In this work, we review the use of wild-type viruses in OVT and the strategies for OV genetic modification. We also review and discuss the combinations of OVT with other immunotherapies.

Keywords

immunotherapy / oncolytic virus / genetic modification / immune checkpoint blockade / chimeric antigen receptor T cell

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants from the National Megaprojects of China for Major Infectious Diseases (No. 2018ZX10301403 to LL), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81661128041, 81672019, and 81822045 to LL; No. 81630090 to SJ; No. 81701998 to QW and No. 81703571 to WX), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Nos. 2018M640341 and 2019T120302 to SX), and the Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen (to SJ).

Compliance with ethics guidelines

Qiaoshuai Lan, Shuai Xia, Qian Wang, Wei Xu, Haiyan Huang, Shibo Jiang, and Lu Lu declare no conflict of interest. This manuscript is a review article and does not involve a research protocol requiring approval by relevant institutional review board or ethics committee.

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