Risk factors of prognosis after acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients
Sasa Nie, Zhe Feng, Lihua Xia, Jiuxu Bai, Fenglin Xiao, Jian Liu, Li Tang, Xiangmei Chen
Risk factors of prognosis after acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients
The risk factors, especially laboratory indicators, of prognosis after acute kidney injury (AKI) remain unclear. We conducted a retrospective survey of Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2012 according to the AKI diagnosis standard issued by Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes. The epidemiological features and factors influencing hospital mortality and renal function recovery were evaluated through logistic regression analysis. Among 77 662 cases of hospitalized patients, 1387 suffered from AKI. The incidence rate and mortality of AKI were 1.79% and 14.56%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that high AKI stage, age greater than 80 years, neoplastic disease, low cardiac output, increased white blood cell count, and decreased platelet count and serum albumin levels were the risk factors affecting the mortality of AKI patients. Conversely, body mass index between 28 and 34.9 was a protective factor. Increased AKI stage, tumor disease, post-cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and RRT were the risk factors of renal function recovery upon discharge. In addition to traditional risk factors, white blood cell count, platelet count, albumin, and BMI were the predictors of the mortality of AKI patients. No laboratory indicators were found to be the risk factors of renal function recovery in AKI patients.
acute kidney injury / risk factors / prognosis
[1] |
Kidney DOQI. KDIGO clinical practice guidelines for acute kidney injury. Kidney Int Suppl 2012; 2: 1–138
|
[2] |
Mehta RL, Cerdá J, Burdmann EA, Tonelli M, García-García G, Jha V, Susantitaphong P, Rocco M, Vanholder R, Sever MS, Cruz D, Jaber B, Lameire NH, Lombardi R, Lewington A, Feehally J, Finkelstein F, Levin N, Pannu N, Thomas B, Aronoff-Spencer E, Remuzzi G. International Society of Nephrology’s 0by25 initiative for acute kidney injury (zero preventable deaths by 2025): a human rights case for nephrology. Lancet 2015; 385(9987): 2616–2643
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[3] |
Lameire NH, Bagga A, Cruz D, De Maeseneer J, Endre Z, Kellum JA, Liu KD, Mehta RL, Pannu N, Van Biesen W, Vanholder R. Acute kidney injury: an increasing global concern. Lancet 2013; 382(9887): 170–179
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[4] |
Chertow GM, Burdick E, Honour M, Bonventre JV, Bates DW. Acute kidney injury, mortality, length of stay, and costs in hospitalized patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005; 16(11): 3365–3370
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[5] |
Chawla LS, Amdur RL, Amodeo S, Kimmel PL, Palant CE. The severity of acute kidney injury predicts progression to chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2011; 79(12): 1361–1369
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[6] |
Wald R, Quinn RR, Luo J, Li P, Scales DC, Mamdani MM, Ray JG, University OTAK. Chronic dialysis and death among survivors of acute kidney injury requiring dialysis. JAMA 2009; 302(11): 1179–1185
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[7] |
Ali T, Khan I, Simpson W, Prescott G, Townend J, Smith W, MacLeod A. Incidence and outcomes in acute kidney injury: a comprehensive population-based study. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18(4): 1292–1298
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[8] |
Nisula S, Kaukonen K, Vaara ST, Korhonen A, Poukkanen M, Karlsson S, Haapio M, Inkinen O, Parviainen I, Suojaranta-Ylinen R, Laurila JJ, Tenhunen J, Reinikainen M, Ala-Kokko T, Ruokonen E, Kuitunen A, Pettilä V. Incidence, risk factors and 90-day mortality of patients with acute kidney injury in Finnish intensive care units: the FINNAKI study. Intensive Care Med 2013; 39(3): 420–428
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[9] |
Levey AS, Eckardt K, Tsukamoto Y, Levin A, Coresh J, Rossert JDE, Zeeuw D, Hostetter TH, Lameire N, Eknoyan G. Definition and classification of chronic kidney disease: a position statement from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Kidney Int 2005; 67(6): 2089–2100
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[10] |
Machado MN, Nakazone MA, Maia LN. Prognostic value of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes definition and staging (KDIGO) criteria. PLoS One 2014; 9(5): e98028
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[11] |
Loef BG, Epema AH, Smilde TD, Henning RH, Ebels T, Navis G, Stegeman CA. Immediate postoperative renal function deterioration in cardiac surgical patients predicts in-hospital mortality and long-term survival. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005; 16(1): 195–200
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[12] |
Uchino S, Kellum JA, Bellomo R, Doig GS, Morimatsu H, Morgera S, Schetz M, Tan I, Bouman C, Macedo E, GibneyN, TolwaniA, RoncoC, Beginning and Ending Supportive Therapy for the Kidney (BEST Kidney) Investigators. Acute renal failure in critically ill patients: a multinational, multicenter study. JAMA 2005; 294(7): 813–818
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[13] |
Liano F, Pascual J, The Madrid Acute Renal Failure Study Group. Epidemiology of acute renal failure: a prospective, multicenter, community-based study. Kidney Int 1996; 50(3): 811–818
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[14] |
İnal S, Altuntaş A, Kidir V, Özorak A, İlgin Y, Sezer MT. Utility of serum creatinine/cystatin C ratio in diagnosis of postrenal acute kidney injury. J Res Med Sci 2014; 19(11): 1086‒1089
|
[15] |
Lewington AJ, Cerdá J, Mehta RL. Raising awareness of acute kidney injury: a global perspective of a silent killer. Kidney Int 2013; 84(3): 457–467
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[16] |
Yang L, Xing G, Wang L, Wu Y, Li S, Xu G, He Q, Chen J, Chen M, Liu X, Zhu Z, Yang L, Lian X, Ding F, Li Y, Wang H, Wang J, Wang R, Mei C, Xu J, Li R, Cao J, Zhang L, Wang Y, Xu J, Bao B, Liu B, Chen H, Li S, Zha Y, Luo Q, Chen D, Shen Y, Liao Y, Zhang Z, Wang X, Zhang K, Liu L, Mao P, Guo C, Li J, Wang Z, Bai S, Shi S, Wang Y, Wang J, Liu Z, Wang F, Huang D, Wang S, Ge S, Shen Q, Zhang P, Wu L, Pan M, Zou X, Zhu P, Zhao J, Zhou M, Yang L, Hu W, Wang J, Liu B, Zhang T, Han J, Wen T, Zhao M, Wang H. ISN AKF 0by25 China Consortiums. Acute kidney injury in China: a cross-sectional survey. Lancet 2015; 386(10002): 1465–1471
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[17] |
Zeng X, McMahon GM, Brunelli SM, Bates DW, Waikar SS. Incidence, outcomes, and comparisons across definitions of AKI in hospitalized individuals. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 9(1): 12–20
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[18] |
Ricci Z, Cruz D, Ronco C. The RIFLE criteria and mortality in acute kidney injury: a systematic review. Kidney Int 2008; 73(5): 538–546
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[19] |
Levin NW, Handelman GJ, Coresh J, Port FK, Kaysen GA. Reverse epidemiology: a confusing, confounding, and inaccurate term. Seminars in dialysis. Semin Dial 2007; 20(6): 586–592
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[20] |
Druml W, Metnitz B, Schaden E, Bauer P, Metnitz PG. Impact of body mass on incidence and prognosis of acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy. Intensive Care Med 2010; 36(7): 1221–1228
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[21] |
Abelha FJ, Botelho M, Fernandes V, Barros H. Determinants of postoperative acute kidney injury. Crit Care 2009; 13(3): R79
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[22] |
De Labry LO, Campion EW, Glynn RJ, Vokonas PS. White blood cell count as a predictor of mortality: results over 18 years from the Normative Aging Study. J Clin Epidemiol 1990; 43(2): 153–157
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[23] |
Rabb H, O’Meara YM, Maderna P, Coleman P, Brady HR. Leukocytes, cell adhesion molecules and ischemic acute renal failure. Kidney Int 1997; 51(5): 1463–1468
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[24] |
Kertai MD, Zhou S, Karhausen JA, Cooter M, Jooste E, Li Y, White WD, Aronson S, Podgoreanu MV, Gaca J, Welsby IJ, Levy JH, Stafford-Smith M, Mathew JP, Fontes ML. Platelet counts, acute kidney injury, and mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Anesthesiology 2016; 124(2): 339–352
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[25] |
Bieger R, Vreeken J, Stibbe J, Loeliger EA. Arterial aneurysm as a cause of consumption coagulopathy. N Engl J Med 1971; 285(3): 152–154
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[26] |
Zoellner H, Hofler M, Beckmann R, Hufnagl P, Vanyek E, Bielek E, Wojta J, Fabry A, Lockie S, Binder BR. Serum albumin is a specific inhibitor of apoptosis in human endothelial cells. J Cell Sci 1996; 109(10): 2571–2580
|
[27] |
Karas PL, Goh SL, Dhital K. Is low serum albumin associated with postoperative complications in patients undergoing cardiac surgery? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2015; 21(6): 777–786
|
[28] |
Xu X, Nie S, Liu Z, Chen C, Xu G, Zha Y, Qian J, Liu B, Han S, Xu A, Hou FF. Epidemiology and clinical correlates of AKI in Chinese hospitalized adults. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 10(9): 1510–1518
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
[29] |
Chua H, Glassford N, Bellomo R. Acute kidney injury after cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2012; 83(6): 721–727
CrossRef
Google scholar
|
/
〈 | 〉 |