Annexin A2-S100A10 heterotetramer is upregulated by PML/RARα fusion protein and promotes plasminogen-dependent fibrinolysis and matrix invasion in acute promyelocytic leukemia

Dan Huang, Yan Yang, Jian Sun, Xiaorong Dong, Jiao Wang, Hongchen Liu, Chengquan Lu, Xueyu Chen, Jing Shao, Jinsong Yan

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Front. Med. ›› 2017, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (3) : 410-422. DOI: 10.1007/s11684-017-0527-6
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Annexin A2-S100A10 heterotetramer is upregulated by PML/RARα fusion protein and promotes plasminogen-dependent fibrinolysis and matrix invasion in acute promyelocytic leukemia

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Abstract

Aberrant expression of annexin A2-S100A10 heterotetramer (AIIt) associated with PML/RARα fusion protein causes lethal hyperfibrinolysis in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), but the mechanism is unclear. To facilitate the investigation of regulatory association between ANXA2 and promyelocytic leukemia/retinoic acid receptor a (PML/RARα) fusion protein, this work was performed to determine the transcription start site of ANXA2 promoter with rapid amplification of 5′-cDNA ends analysis. Zinc-induced U937/PR9 cells expressed PML/RARα fusion protein, and resultant increases in ANXA2 transcripts and translational expressions of both ANXA2 and S100A10, while S100A10 transcripts remained constitutive. The transactivation of ANXA2 promoter by PML/RARα fusion protein was 3.29±0.13 fold higher than that by control pSG5 vector or wild-type RARα. The overexpression of ANXA2 in U937 transfected with full-length ANXA2 cDNA was associated with increased S100A10 subunit, although S100A10 transcripts remained constitutive. The tPA-dependent initial rate of plasmin generation (IRPG) in zinc-treated U937/PR9 increased by 2.13-fold, and cell invasiveness increased by 27.6%. Antibodies against ANXA2, S100A10, or combination of both all remarkably inhibited the IRPG and invasiveness in U937/PR9 and NB4. Treatment of zinc-induced U937/PR9 or circulating APL blasts with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) significantly reduced cell surface ANXA2 and S100A10 and associated reductions in IRPG and invasiveness. Thus, PML/RARα fusion protein transactivated the ANXA2 promoter to upregulate ANXA2 and accumulate S100A10. Increased AIIt promoted IRPG and invasiveness, both of which were partly abolished by antibodies against ANXA2 and S100A10 or by ATRA.

Keywords

annexin A2-S100A10 heterotetramer / PML/RARα fusion protein / plasmin / cell invasion / acute promyelocytic leukemia

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Dan Huang, Yan Yang, Jian Sun, Xiaorong Dong, Jiao Wang, Hongchen Liu, Chengquan Lu, Xueyu Chen, Jing Shao, Jinsong Yan. Annexin A2-S100A10 heterotetramer is upregulated by PML/RARα fusion protein and promotes plasminogen-dependent fibrinolysis and matrix invasion in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Front. Med., 2017, 11(3): 410‒422 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-017-0527-6

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Dr. Xiaodong Xi, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China, for generously providing technical assistance. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81270606/H0812 to Jinsong Yan; No. 81273031/H2601 to Jing Shao); the Reformation Project in the Key Clinical Departments of Provincial Hospitals on Construction of Diagnosis and Treatment Capacity in Liaoning Province (No. LNCCC-A02-2015 to Jinsong Yan); and the startup funding from Dalian Medical University under Talent Introduction Program (No. 201069 to Jing Shao).

Compliance with ethics guidelines

Dan Huang, Yan Yang, Jian Sun, Xiaorong Dong, Jiao Wang, Hongchen Liu, Chengquan Lu, Xueyu Chen, Jing Shao, and Jinsong Yan declare that they have no conflict of interest. All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000 (5). Informed consent was obtained from all patients for being included in the study.

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2017 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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