Evidence chain-based causality identification in herb-induced liver injury: exemplification of a well-known liver-restorative herb Polygonum multiflorum

Jiabo Wang, Zhijie Ma, Ming Niu, Yun Zhu, Qingsheng Liang, Yanling Zhao, Jingyuan Song, Zhaofang Bai, Yaming Zhang, Ping Zhang, Na Li, Yakun Meng, Qi Li, Lushan Qin, Guangju Teng, Junling Cao, Baosen Li, Shilin Chen, Yonggang Li, Zhengsheng Zou, Honghao Zhou, Xiaohe Xiao

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Front. Med. ›› 2015, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (4) : 457-467. DOI: 10.1007/s11684-015-0417-8
RESEARCH ARTICLE
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Evidence chain-based causality identification in herb-induced liver injury: exemplification of a well-known liver-restorative herb Polygonum multiflorum

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Abstract

Herbal medicines have recently been recognized as the second most common cause of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in the United States. However, reliable methods to identify the DILI causality of some herbs, such as Heshouwu (dried root of Polygonum multiflorum), remain lacking. In this study, a total of 12 307 inpatients with liver dysfunction and 147 literature-reported cases of Heshouwu DILI were screened. A general algorithm indicated that only 22.5% (9/40) and 30.6% (45/147) of all hospitalization and literature case reports, respectively, demonstrate the high probability of DILI causality of Heshouwu. By contrast, 95% (19/20) of all cases prospectively investigated by pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, and metabolomic tests exhibited highly probable causality, including a patient who was previously incorrectly attributed and a case that was excluded from Heshouwu causality by pharmacognostic evidence. Toxin (heavy metals, pesticides, and mycotoxins) contamination was also excluded from Heshouwu DILI causality. The objectivity of these screening methods for Heshouwu DILI diagnosis addresses safety concerns regarding stilbene-containing herbal medicines and dietary supplements.

Keywords

Polygonum multiflorum / Chinese herbal medicine / drug-induced liver injury / pharmacognosy / metabolomics / stilbene

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Jiabo Wang, Zhijie Ma, Ming Niu, Yun Zhu, Qingsheng Liang, Yanling Zhao, Jingyuan Song, Zhaofang Bai, Yaming Zhang, Ping Zhang, Na Li, Yakun Meng, Qi Li, Lushan Qin, Guangju Teng, Junling Cao, Baosen Li, Shilin Chen, Yonggang Li, Zhengsheng Zou, Honghao Zhou, Xiaohe Xiao. Evidence chain-based causality identification in herb-induced liver injury: exemplification of a well-known liver-restorative herb Polygonum multiflorum. Front. Med., 2015, 9(4): 457‒467 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-015-0417-8

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program (No. 2015ZX09501-004-001-008), the National TCM Industry Science and Technology Program (No. 201507004-04), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81373984, 81503350, and 81403126), and the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 7152142). The authors wish to acknowledge Jiyan Chen for providing photographs of fraudulent Heshouwu, Yong-e Zhang for determining the pesticides, and Dongping Xu for his suggestion regarding the scale table of ECCIA.
Jiabo Wang, Zhijie Ma, Ming Niu, Yun Zhu, Qingsheng Liang, Yanling Zhao, Jingyuan Song, Zhaofang Bai, Yaming Zhang, Ping Zhang, Na Li, Yakun Meng, Qi Li, Lushan Qin, Guangju Teng, Junling Cao, Baosen Li, Shilin Chen, Yonggang Li, Zhengsheng Zou, Honghao Zhou, and Xiaohe Xiao declare that they have no conflict of interest. All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Ethics Committee of the 302 Military Hospital and the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000 (5). Informed consent was obtained from all patients involved in this study.
Electronic Supplementary MaterialƒSupplementary material is available in the online version of this article at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11684-015-0417-8 and is accessible for authorized users.

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