Enhancing Toy Safety: Time to Improve Chemical Migration Testing

Abstract

We examine and discuss the evolution and current state of chemical migration testing protocols for children’s toys, from early practices to present-day methods. Drawing from a synthesis of literature and comparisons with international standards such as European standard EN 71-10, the key factors influencing chemical migration testing are identified, including temperature, pH, duration of contact, choice of simulant, and agitation methods. We propose enhancements to existing protocols to improve accuracy and realism, such as adjusting the temperature to physiologic levels, incorporating pH adjustments, extending migration testing duration, and diversifying simulants. Moreover, we advocate for a more holistic approach to toy safety, considering interactions among multiple substances and age-specific vulnerabilities of children. Advancements in analytical technologies are also discussed as promising tools for enhancing testing sensitivity and specificity. We stress the urgency and necessity of global harmonization and collaborative solutions to ensure consistent standards and foster a safer environment for children worldwide. By aligning testing protocols, exchanging best practices, and leveraging technological innovations, stakeholders can prioritize children’s well-being and create a world where toys bring joy without compromising safety.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Toy safety / Chemical migration / Chemical additives / Artificial body fluids / Simulants

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Higher Education Press 2025