Cesium removal from radioactive wastewater by adsorption and membrane technology

Highlights

● Removal of cesium from radioactive wastewater is still a challenging.

● Main approaches used for waste treatment in Fukushima Daiichi accident were reviewed.

● Kurion/SARRY system + desalination system and ALPS were briefly introduced.

● The removal of cesium by adsorption and membrane separation were summarized.

Abstract

Radiocesium is frequently present in radioactive wastewater, while its removal is still a challenge due to its small hydrated radius, high diffusion coefficient, and similar chemical behavior to other alkali metal elements with high background concentrations. This review summarized and analyzed the recent advances in the removal of Cs⁺ from aqueous solutions, with a particular focus on adsorption and membrane separation methods. Various inorganic, organic, and biological adsorbents have undergone assessments to determine their efficacy in the removal of cesium ions. Additionally, membrane-based separation techniques, including reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, and membrane distillation, have also shown promise in effectively separating cesium ions from radioactive wastewater. Additionally, this review summarized the main approaches, including Kurion/SARRY system + desalination system and advanced liquid processing system, implemented after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident in Japan to remove radionuclides from contaminated water. Adsorption technology and membrane separation technology play a vital role in treatment of contaminated water.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Cesium / Adsorption / Membrane separation / Advanced liquid processing system / Fukushima nuclear accident

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51578307) and the National Key Research and Development Program (No. 2016YFC1402507).

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The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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