Magnetic Co-doped 1D/2D structured γ-Fe₂O₃/MoS₂ effectively activated peroxymonosulfate for efficient abatement of bisphenol A via both radical and non-radical pathways

Highlights

● Magnetic Co- γ -Fe₂O₃/MoS₂ were prepared via facile hydrothermal methods.

● Doping γ -Fe₂O₃ with cobalt greatly increased PMS activation for BPA abatement.

● The compounding of MoS₂ significantly enhanced the stability of the catalyst.

● Hybrid radical-nonradical pathways acted for effective degradation of BPA.

● The toxicity of intermediates was lower than BPA via T.E.S.T analysis.

Abstract

Iron-based catalysts have been widely used to treat refractory organic pollutants in wastewater. In this paper, magnetic Co-γ-Fe₂O₃ was synthesized by a facile tartaric acid-assisted hydrothermal method, and Co-γ-Fe₂O₃/MoS₂ nanocomposite catalyst was obtained via in situ growth of MoS₂ nanosheets on Co-γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles. The nanocomposite catalysts were used to decompose bisphenol A (BPA) by activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS). It was shown that only 0.15 g/L catalyst and 0.5 mmol/L PMS degraded 10 mg/L of BPA (99.3% within 10 min) in the pH range of 3–9. PMS was activated due to redox cycling among the pairs Co(III)/Co(II), Fe(III)/Fe(II), and Mo(VI)/Mo(IV). Quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrated that both radical and non-radical pathways were involved in BPA degradation, in which active radical sulfate radical and non-radical singlet oxygen were the main reactive oxygen species. Ten intermediates were identified by liquid chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry, and three possible BPA degradation pathways were proposed. The toxicity of several degradation intermediates was lower, and Co-γ-Fe₂O₃/MoS₂ exhibited excellent reusability and could be magnetically recovered.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Magnetic Co-γ-Fe₂O₃/MoS₂ / Hydrothermal method / Bisphenol A / Degradation pathways / Toxicity analysis

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (China) (No. 2022J0113) and Fuzhou University Testing Fund of Precious Apparatus (China) (No. 2022T025)

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The authors declare that this manuscript has been prepared with the consent of all authors and without financial conflict of interest.

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