From risk control to resilience: developments and trends of urban roads designed as surface flood passages to cope with extreme storms

Highlights

● Designing of flood passages toward inundation risk reduction was summarized.

● Resilience assessment and enhancement methods for flood passages were highlighted.

● Lifeline and emergency planning is vital for fulfilling flood-resilient passages.

● Special attention should be given to vulnerable groups during the design process.

Abstract

Urban roads can be designated as surface flood passages to transport excess runoff during extreme storms, thereby preventing local flooding, which is known as the major drainage system. However, this practice poses significant risks, including human loss and property damage, due to the high flow rate and velocity carried by roads. Moreover, urban roads with low flood-resilience may significantly hamper the transportation function during severe storms, leading to dysfunction of the city. Therefore, there is an urgent need to transform risk-oriented flood passages into resilient urban road-based flood passages. This paper presents a systematic review of existing methodologies in designing a road network-based flood passage system, along with the discussion of new technologies to enhance system resilience. The study also addresses current knowledge gaps and future directions. The results indicate that flood management measures based on the urban road network should integrate accessibility assessment, lifeline and emergency planning to ensure human well-being outcomes. Furthermore, the special needs and features of vulnerable groups must be taken into serious consideration during the planning stage. In addition, a data-driven approach is recommended to facilitate real-time management and evaluate future works.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Major drainage / Flood mitigation / Resilient city / Stormwater model / Urban flooding

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) General Program (Grant No. 52270087).

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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